Treatment for Leiomyosarcoma of the Inferior Vena Cava Complicated with Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Leiomyosarcoma originating from the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a very rare malignancy. We searched the databases and did not find similar cases of leiomyosarcoma of the IVC with lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we report a patient with IVC leiomyosarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma.Case report: The patient, a 38-year-old Chinese female, presented to the general department with a history of intermittent right upper abdominal pain for 18 months. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a tumour of IVC (3.4*2.7 cm) extending to the renal veins. In addition, chest CT showed a tumour in the left lung lobe. Then, the patient underwent surgery to resect the IVC tumour and partial lung. The patient received Gefitinib Tablets treatment 250 mg per day for 18 months during the perioperative period. The examination of the patient showed lung recurrence at the 18th month after partial pneumonectomy. So the patient again received thoracoscopic wedge pneumonectomy, and it was confirmed to be metastasis of IVC tumour. The patient received daily 12 mg treatment with Anlotinib after the last operation. Regular outpatient follow-up showed that there was no obvious recurrence and metastasis as of April 2021 (6 months after operation).Conclusions: It is difficult to diagnose and treat patients with IVC leiomyosarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma in a timely manner. Surgery is still an effective treatment for patients with IVC leiomyosarcoma and lung adenocarcinoma at present.