scholarly journals Carriage of Streptococcus Pneumoniae In Unvaccinated Toddlers At The Time of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation Into The National Immunization Program In Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Wróbel-Pawelczyk ◽  
Patrycja Ronkiewicz ◽  
Monika Wanke-Rytt ◽  
Dominika Rykowska ◽  
Aneta Górska-Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Common Serotypes

Abstract We investigated pneumococcal carriage among unvaccinated children under five years of age at the time of conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (PCV) introduction into the national immunization program (NIP). Paired nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and saliva samples collected between 2016 and 2020 from n=394 children were tested with conventional culture and using qPCR. The carriage rate detected by culture was 25.4% (97 of 394), by qPCR 39.1% (155 of 394), and 40.1% (158 of 394) overall. The risk of carriage was significantly elevated among day care center attendees, and during autumn/winter months. Among strains cultured, the most common serotypes were: 23A, 6B, 15BC, 10A, 11A. The coverage of PCV10 and PCV13 was 23.2% (23 of 99) and 26.3% (26 of 99), respectively. Application of qPCR lead to detection of 168 serotype carriage events, with serogroups 15, 6, 9 and serotype 23A most commonly detected. Although the highest number of carriers was identified by testing NPS with qPCR, saliva significantly contributed to the overall number of detected carriers. Co-carriage of multiple serotypes was detected in 25.3% (40 of 158) of carriers. Results of this study represent a baseline for the future surveillance of effects of pneumococcal vaccines in NIP in Poland.

scholarly journals Hepatitis A virus knowledge and immunization attitudes and practices in the United Arab Emirates community

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel A. Samara ◽  
Hiba J. Barqawi ◽  
Basant H. Aboelsoud ◽  
Moza A. AlZaabi ◽  
Fay T. Alraddawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
National Immunization

AbstractAnnually, 1.5 million cases of hepatitis A infection occur worldwide. The United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) has seen a decrease in infection rates and seroprevalence coupled with an increase in the average age of infection. This study aimed to assess the U.A.E. society’s hepatitis A knowledge, and attitudes and vaccination practices, with the applicability of its introduction into the local immunization schedule. A self-administered, 50-item questionnaire was used to collect data from the four most populous cities in the U.A.E., between January and March 2020. A total of 458 responses were collected and analysed using IBM-SPSS-26, R-4.0.0 and Matplotlib-v3.2.1. Females had better attitudes (P = 0.036), practices (P < 0.0005), immunization schedule knowledge (AOR = 3.019; CI 1.482–6.678), and appreciation of the immunization schedule (AOR = 2.141; CI 1.310–3.499). A higher level of perceived knowledge was associated with an actual better knowledge (P < 0.0005), better practices (P = 0.011), and increased willingness to get vaccinated (AOR = 1.988; CI 1.032–3.828). Respondents were more likely to vaccinate their children against HAV if the vaccine were introduced into the National Immunization Program (P < 0.0005). Overall, disease knowledge was lacking but with positive attitudes and poor practices. There is high trust in the National Immunization Program and a potential for improving poor practices through local awareness campaigns.

scholarly journals Introduction of a second dose of measles in National immunization program in India: A major step towards eradication

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Verma ◽  
Pardeep Khanna ◽  
Mohan Bairwa ◽  
Suraj Chawla ◽  
Shankar Prinja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization

scholarly journals National Immunization Program in Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh ◽  
Abdoulreza Esteghamati
Keyword(s):  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization

scholarly journals Comparative Estimation of Coverage between National Immunization Program Vaccines and Non-NIP Vaccines in Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young June Choe ◽  
Jae Jeong Yang ◽  
Sue K. Park ◽  
Eun Hwa Choi ◽  
Hoan Jong Lee
Keyword(s):  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
National Immunization

scholarly journals CONTAINER FOR THE TRANSPORTATION AND CONSERVATION OF IMMUNOBIOLOGICALS

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 03
Author(s):  
C. B. Soares ◽  
M. N. E. Reis ◽  
B. Takane ◽  
F. M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
National Immunization Program ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
The Moment

A container was developed for the transport and conservation of immunological products under low temperatures of between 2 and 8 º C, within a time span of 8 hours. The container is practical, simple and userfriendly, and can be used in places without electric power, and all these advantages are added of low operational costs. The container proposed aims at meeeting the demand of the Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI- the National Immunization Program), through Cold Chain, which sets the standards for all the procedures concerning conservation, handling, distribution and transport of the vaccine from the laboratory that produces it to the moment of inoculation.Innitially, the container was specifically developed for Vaccine for Inactive Influenza Virus against flu, which, according to a survey conducted with laboratories, is the most widely consumed, and whose conservation time span is also applicable to other immunobiologicals After the design and construction of the prototype, the container was exhaustively tested under different weather conditions. The results of the experiment are being exposed and discussed in this paper and the prototype lived up to the expectations of the reserachers in terms of the time spans and temperatures foreseen for the conservation of the vaccine selected.

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