scholarly journals Interferon Gamma Release Assay After BCG Vaccination Among Newborns and Family Members Living in an Overcrowded Area in Jakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Srioetami Tanoerahar ◽  
Indri Rooslamiati ◽  
Natalie Kipuw ◽  
Hadiyanto ◽  
Soegianto Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Poor Area ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Abstract IntroductionActive tuberculosis (TB) patient is a potential source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission in an overcrowded and poor area. Family members living in the same house may have been infected or latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) may develop. The aim of the study was to explore LTBI among newborns and their family members living in an overcrowded area in Jakarta, Indonesia. MethodsA prospective analytical study was conducted among newborns from October 2016 to March 2017. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) was examined before BCG vaccination and after 12 weeks. In parallel, TB active case finding was performed among family members of the newborns.ResultsOf 135 newborns, only 117 (86.7%) came for BCG vaccination. Of 346 family members screened, 8 (2.3%) were detected as untreated active pulmonary TB, confirmed by positive sputum and/or MTB culture. Family members living in the same house with active TB individuals (p=0.011, OR 2.69) as well as being males (p = 0.025; OR 1.68) had a significant higher risk of having a positive IGRA. ConclusionsUntreated pulmonary TB infection in overcrowded areas infects the surrounding neighbors, resulting in latent TB infection. An active program for detecting pulmonary TB cases and preventive measures need to be taken seriously to contain the potential spreading of the infection.

scholarly journals Performance of an interferon-gamma release assay for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection in children

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. OKADA ◽  
T. E. MAO ◽  
T. MORI ◽  
T. MIURA ◽  
T. SUGIYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

SUMMARYNewly developed interferon-gamma release assays have become commercially available to detect tuberculosis (TB) infection in adults. However, little is known about their performance in children. We compared test results between the QuantiFERON-TB® Gold test (QFT) and tuberculin skin test (TST) in young children living with pulmonary TB patients in Cambodia. Of 195 children tested with both QFT and TST, the TST-positive rate of 24% was significantly higher than the QFT-positive rate of 17%. The agreement between the test results was considerable (κ-coefficient 0·63). Positive rates increased from 6% to 32% for QFT and from 15% to 43% for TST, according to the sputum smear grades of the index cases. The presence of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scars did not significantly affect the results of TST or QFT in a logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, QFT can be a substitute for TST in detecting latent TB infection in childhood contacts aged ⩽5 years, especially in those who may have a false-positive TST due to BCG vaccination or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection.

scholarly journals Utility of an interferon-gamma release assay as a potential diagnostic aid for active pulmonary tuberculosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Taki-Eddin ◽  
Fawza Monem
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Positive Predicted Value ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: Sensitivity, specificity, early confirmation and obtaining an optimal specimen are challenging problems in active tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is a good indicator for latent TB but can it be useful as a diagnostic tool for active TB? This study was designed to address these challenges and assess the potential of IGRA as a diagnostic indicator of active pulmonary TB by comparing it with other MT diagnostic conventional methods and molecular methods.Methodology: The study was conducted on 91 patients with suspicion of pulmonary active TB. QuantiFERON-TB-Gold In-Tube, a commercial IFN-gamma assay, was compared with Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) smear, Lowenstein Jensen's (LJ) egg-based culture, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The final clinical diagnosis was the standard comparator of the study.Results: Active pulmonary TB was confirmed in 48/91 (52.7%) patients. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), and negative predicted value (NPV) were 72.9%, 100%, 100%, 76.78% for ZN smear, 77.1%, 97.67%, 97.36%, 79.24% for LJ culture, 89.9%, 67.4%, 75.4%, 85.3% for IGRA, and 66.6%, 95.3%, 94.1%, 71.9% for real-time PCR, respectively.  Conclusion: Albeit confounding in the case of latent TB infected patients presenting with non-TB pulmonary disease, IGRA was more sensitive than the other conventional and molecular methods, so it may improve diagnostic accuracy when used in combination with other standard methods. High NPV of IGRA for the diagnosis of active TB proposed an additional role of this test to exclude the infection with active TB.

Surveillance of Employees of Swiss Federal Asylum Centres for Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 369-373
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Zellweger ◽  
Ariane Zellweger-Landry ◽  
Jean-Marie Egger ◽  
Annette Koller-Doser ◽  
Axel Jeremias Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Latent Tb Infection

Background: Asylum seekers in Switzerland have to register in federal asylum centres (FACs) before formal permission to enter the country. Some of them may have active tuberculosis (TB), exposing fellow refugees and employees. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of TB infection among employees of Swiss FACs. Methods: Between 2010 and 2018, a free interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) was offered to all employees of 8 FACs, at employment and at yearly intervals. We defined latent TB infection as IGRA conversion from negative to positive. IGRA-positive employees were referred to a medical centre for further clinical follow-up. Results: 1,427 tests were performed among 737 employees (54.6% male). 403 (55%) persons were tested only once; 330 (44.5%) were tested several times; for 4 (0.5%) persons, the number of IGRA tests is unknown. Twenty employees (2.7%) had a positive IGRA at baseline, 2 (0.6%) converted from negative to positive during follow-up, resulting in an incidence of 22/10,000 person-years. We observed no case of active TB among employees. Conclusions: The prevalence of latent TB among employees to Swiss FACs and the risk of acquiring TB infection through work-related exposure are low. Yearly IGRA controls in the absence of documented TB exposure seem unnecessary.

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