Development of a Synoptic Climatology of Tropospheric Refractive Conditions for the Eastern Pacific Ocean off the West Coast of the United States. Task One: Statistical Organizations of the Refractive Conditions, by Monthly Periods and Latitude Zones. Task Two: The Persistence of Refractive Conditions, and Transition Probabilities.

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Kalinyak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Synoptic Climatology ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
The West

scholarly journals A Climatology of 500-hPa Closed Lows in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean, 1948–2011

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1578-1592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina S. Oakley ◽  
Kelly T. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Reanalysis Dataset ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northeastern Pacific

AbstractThe northeastern Pacific Ocean is a preferential location for the formation of closed low pressure systems. These slow-moving, quasi-barotropic systems influence vertical stability and sustain a moist environment, giving them the potential to produce or affect sustained precipitation episodes along the west coast of the United States. They can remain motionless or change direction and speed more than once and thus often pose difficult forecast challenges. This study creates an objective climatological description of 500-hPa closed lows to assess their impacts on precipitation in the western United States and to explore interannual variability and preferred tracks. Geopotential height at 500 hPa from the NCEP–NCAR global reanalysis dataset was used at 6-h and 2.5° × 2.5° resolution for the period 1948–2011. Closed lows displayed seasonality and preferential durations. Time series for seasonal and annual event counts were found to exhibit strong interannual variability. Composites of the tracks of landfalling closed lows revealed preferential tracks as the features move inland over the western United States. Correlations of seasonal event totals for closed lows with ENSO indices, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern suggested an above-average number of events during the warm phase of ENSO and positive PDO and PNA phases. Precipitation at 30 U.S. Cooperative Observer stations was attributed to closed-low events, suggesting 20%–60% of annual precipitation along the West Coast may be associated with closed lows.

Management of Pacific Herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. s230-s244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Trumble ◽  
Robert D. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Clupea Harengus Pallasi

Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) fishery management in the eastern Pacific Ocean is under jurisdiction of the federal governments of the United States and Canada and the states of Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and California. In Canada, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans is responsible for all Canadian marine fisheries. United States fisheries management is a federal responsibility in waters beyond 5.6 km (3 nautical miles), provided that a Fishery Management Plan is in effect. As no such plan currently exists for herring in the eastern Pacific, individual states manage offshore waters as well as territorial waters. The dominant product from herring fishing on the west coasts of the United States and Canada is "sac-roe," or mature egg skeins, which are used as a caviar product. Other uses include human food, king crab and other commercial bait, bait for recreational fishermen, herring spawn-on-kelp, and animal food. In-season and post-season standing stock estimates are based on direct observation or measurement. Quotas are based directly on standing stock estimates, using one of two philosophies. The first, used mainly in Canada, sets a spawning escapement goal designed to maximize average larval production, and allows harvest of all herring in excess of this goal. The second sets a harvest in proportion to the standing stock, to allow spawning escapement to fluctuate cyclically as in an unfished population. Serious management problems are caused by the large catching capacity of the herring fleets and by the short time period during which satisfactory roe maturity occurs before spawning. Fishing is often limited to several hours or several days, primarily to maintain catches within quota limits, and secondarily to prevent overloading processing facilities. An equitable allocation of the harvest among various users is difficult, compounding management problems.

scholarly journals Shift in Pacific Sea Level Trends Will Affect the West Coast

Eos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Cook
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
The West ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Past

The first study on the shift toward higher sea levels in the eastern Pacific Ocean over the past 5 years indicates it will continue, leading to much higher seas on the western coasts of the Americas.

Buoy observations of the atmosphere along the west coast of the United States, 1981–1990

1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (C8) ◽  
pp. 16029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive E. Dorman ◽  
Clinton D. Winant
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West
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