scholarly journals Assessment of the condition of forest and postagrogenic soils of the Leningrad region and prospects of intensive forest growth in these areas

Author(s):  
Д.А. Данилов ◽  
А.В. Жигунов ◽  
Б.Н. Рябинин ◽  
А.А. Вайман

Используя потенциальное плодородие посагрогенных почв, можно выращивать целевые древесные насаждения и получать балансовую и товарную древесину в более короткие сроки, чем на землях лесного фонда. Проблематика данного вопроса мало исследована и в настоящее время необходимо оценить перспективность выращивания насаждений высокой продуктивности на постагрогенных. Целью проведённого исследования было сравнение лесных и постагрогенных почв по таким параметрам, как содержание углерода органического вещества и общего азота, для прогнозирования перспективности организации хозяйства с ускоренным выращиванием продуктивных древесных насаждений на залежных землях. На постагрогенных и лесопокрытых землях были подобраны площади со сходными условиями почвообразования под спелыми древостоями, относящихся к типам леса: черничник, кисличник и дубравнотравный и почвенными комплексами постагрогенных залежных земель. Проводилась оценка ряда физико-химических показателей почв по общепринятым в почвоведении методикам: определялся гранулометрический состав, плотность сложения и мощность генетических почвенных горизонтов. Плотность сложения всех горизонтов оценивалась по Качинскому; определение углерода проводилось сухим озолением, общего азота по Кьельдалю, рН солевой вытяжки потенциометрическим методом.Анализ запасов углерода органического вещества (Сорг) и азота (Nобщ) в генетических горизонтах почв черничного, кисличного и дубравнотравного типов леса показывает увеличение содержания органического вещества и общего азота от черничного к дубравнотравному типу леса. Происходит снижение содержания органического углерода от гумусового горизонта к оподзоленному: в дубравнотравных типах леса – в 2,8; кисличных – в 7,6; в черничных – в 8,5 раз. Возобновление на постагрогенных землях носит куртинный характер или происходит по микро понижениям бывших борозд. Содержание органического вещества в пахотном горизонте данных участков постагрогенных земель находится на уровне кисличного типа леса. Содержание общего азота в данных почвах высокое от 5 до 7,4 т/га – на уровне дубравнотравного типа леса. Отношение С:N, которое характеризует обогащенность гумуса азотом, для большинства гумусовых горизонтов почв составляет 8–10, что отвечает высокой и средней степени обеспеченности этим элементом. По содержанию Сорг и Nобщ в верхнем горизонте почвы образуют следующий убывающий ряд: травяно-дубравный тип леса > залежные земли > кисличный тип леса > черничный тип леса > пашня. Проведённый сравнительный анализ физического и агрохимического состояния постагрогенных и лесных почв показал, что несмотря на предшествующее антропогенное воздействие, агрозёмный горизонт сохраняет высокое содержание органического вещества и общего азота. Ухудшение свойств постагрогенных почв на исследуемых участках не происходит и трансформации в сторону природных лесных почв региона не наблюдается, несмотря на длительный период залежности (свыше 30 лет). Соотношение углерода и азота в постагрогенных почвах по почвенному профилю показывает более высокое плодородие, чем в лесных почвах, где показатель С:N оптимален только части горизонта А1. Оценивая пригодность обследованных участков залежных земель на предмет ускоренного выращивания различных древесных пород для получения биомассы, можно констатировать, что уровень содержания органического вещества и общего азота превышает или соответствует условиям произрастания по IA –I классу бонитета для региона исследования. Using potential fertility mosagrogen soil you can grow of target woody plants and to balance and marketable timber in a shorter time than in the lands of the forest Fund. The problem of this issue is little investigated and now it is necessary to assess the prospects of growing high productivity plantations on postagrogenic. The aim of the study was to compare forest and postagrogenic soils in such parameters as the carbon content of organic matter and total nitrogen, to predict the prospects for the organization of the economy with the accelerated cultivation of productive tree plantations on fallow lands. In postagrogenic and wooded land were selected in the area with similar conditions of soil formation under ripe forest stands belonging to the forest types: myrtillus, oxalis and quercus-herbosa and postagrogenic soil complexes of fallow lands. Conducted assessment of some physico-chemical parameters of soil common in soil science methods: determined particle size distribution, the density of the composition and power of the genetic soil horizons. The density of addition of all horizons was estimated by Kaczynski; determination of carbon was carried out by dry ashing, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, pH salt extraction by the potentiometric method. Analysis of carbon stocks of organic matter (С) and nitrogen (N) in the genetic horizons of soils of blueberry, acidic and oak-grass forest types shows an increase in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen from blueberry to oak-grass forest type. There is a decrease in the content of organic carbon from the humus horizon to the ashed one: in quercus-herbosa forest types – 2.8, acidic – 7.6, myrtillus – 8.5 times. The postagrogenic restoration to the land is curtains character or occurs at the micro depressions of the former furrows. The organic matter content in the arable horizon of postagrogenic parcel of land be at the level of parents type of the wood. The content of total nitrogen in these soils is high from 5 to 7.4 t/ha – at the level of oak-grass forest type. The ratio C: N, which characterizes the enrichment of humus nitrogen, for most humus horizons of soils is 8-10, which corresponds to a high and medium degree of security with this element. According to the content of weeds and Communities in the upper horizon of the soil form the following decreasing series: quercus-herbosa type forest > lands >forest oxalis type > myrtillus type forest > arable land. Comparative analysis of physical and agrochemical condition of postagrogenic and forest soils showed that, in spite of previous anthropogenic impact, agronomy horizon maintains a high organic matter content and total nitrogen. Deterioration of the properties of postagrogenic soils in the study areas does not occur and transformation in the direction of natural forest soils of the region is not observed, despite the long period of occurrence (over 30 years). The ratio of carbon and nitrogen in postagrogenic soils by soil profile shows a higher fertility than in forest soils, where the indicator C:N is optimal only part of the horizon A1. Assessing the suitability of the surveyed areas of fallow lands for the accelerated cultivation of different species of wood to produce biomass, it can be stated that the level of organic matter and total nitrogen exceeds or corresponds to the conditions of growth in Ia –I class of bonitet for the region of the study.

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 939-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Ademar Espindula ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
...  

Soil Research ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
EL Greacen ◽  
R Sands

The problem of soil compaction in forestry differs from that in agriculture because of differences in the nature of the crop, in particular the weight and size of the plant members and the length of time that they persist. The roots compact the soil as they increase in size, but they also transmit the weight of the tree and forces generated by the wind onto the soil. There are important differences in management practices; in forestry modern harvesting machines apply heavy loads and, for reasons of cost, tend to be kept in operation throughout the year. As a consequence the structure of the soil suffers some damage, often manifested as compaction. Compaction arising from such sources may reduce the growth of the current trees or trees subsequently planted on the site. But it is difficult to predict the extent of such reduction, if any, because of the complex of interactions involved. Important factors concerned, namely, the soil water regime and the organic matter content, are emphasized. A conceptual model is proposed as a predictive tool. The mechanics of soil compaction, the effects of compaction on the physical properties of the soil, and techniques for the prevention and amelioration of compaction of forest soils, are discussed.


2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4757-4770 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Komarov ◽  
V. N. Shanin

Abstract. An individual-based simulation model, EFIMOD, was used to simulate the response of forest ecosystems to climate change and additional nitrogen deposition. The general scheme of the model includes forest growth depending on nitrogen uptake by plants and mineralization of soil organic matter. The mineralization rate is dependent on nitrogen content in litter and forest floor horizons. Three large forest areas in European Central Russia with a total area of about 17 000 km2 in distinct environmental conditions were chosen. Simulations were carried out with two climatic scenarios (ambient climate and climate change) and different levels of nitrogen deposition (ambient value and increase by 6 and 12 kg N ha−1 yr−1). The simulations showed that increased nitrogen deposition leads to increased productivity of trees, increased organic matter content in organic soil horizons, and an increased portion of deciduous tree species. For the climate change scenario, the same effects on forest productivity and similar shifts in species composition were predicted but the accumulation of organic matter in soil was decreased.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
MB Hossain ◽  
KS Ryu

A Greenhouse experiment was conducted to identify the suitable dose of organic fertilizer for lettuce production. Different doses of organic fertilizer (6.5, 13 and 26 t ha-1) and the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDCF) as standard were selected for this experiment. Application of 13 t ha-1 organic fertilizer significantly increased leaf size (length and breadth) of lettuce. This treatment also increased 14, 25, 21, 32, 24, 27, 36 and 168% fresh weight, dry weight, N, P, K, Ca, Mg & Na uptake over RDCF, respectively. Organic matter content was increased of 17.79, 43.82 and 89.89% in 6.5, 13 and 26 t ha-1 organic fertilizer treated plots respectively over recommended dose of chemical fertilizers. Data also indicated that organic fertilizer @ 26 t ha-1 resulted in significant increase in pH, total nitrogen (24%), organic matter (90%) and Zn (29%) compared to RDCF and decreased electrical conductivity, mineral nitrogen (NH4 +-N & NO3 --N) and cadmium and lead (Cd & Pb) in soil. Positive and significant correlation was observed on yield and yield attributes of lettuce and soil nitrogen, organic matter with pH, total nitrogen with mineral nitrogen and negative correlation was found with applied organic fertilizer with cadmium and lead. Based on these results, organic fertilizer @ 13 t ha-1 without chemical fertilizer could be recommended to increase lettuce yield as well as mitigate heavy metals in soil.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 93-102 (2017)


2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Yesilonis ◽  
Bruce R. James ◽  
Richard V. Pouyat ◽  
Bahram Momen

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Gang Li ◽  
Ruiqing Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
...  

In order to understand the soil pH and main nutrient characteristics of newly added cultivated land in the eastern part of Guanzhong, and 160 soil samples were collected in 2016, the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in Heyang County were studied The suitability distribution of the indicators, using stepwise regression and path analysis methods, analyzes the direct relationship between soil pH and soil nutrients, and provides a theoretical basis for improving the newly added cultivated land. The results showed that the soil pH in Heyang County varied from 8.42 to 9.67, the soil organic matter content varied from 3.46 to 17.93 g/kg, the soil total nitrogen content varied from 0.13 to 5.61 g/kg, and the soil available phosphorus changed The range is 1.73 ~ 63.06 mg/kg, and the soil available potassium range is 46.50 ~ 523.74. The newly added soil has a certain nutrient basis, but it should be further adjusted and improved during the cultivation process. The direct positive effect on soil pH value is mainly soil organic matter, and the direct negative effect is mainly soil available phosphorus. By adjusting the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil, the pH value of the soil can be effectively improved, so that the newly cultivated soil is suitable for the growth of local crops.


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