scholarly journals CELL WALL SYNTHESIS IN `RUTGERS', RIN AND NOR TOMATO FRUIT

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083e-1083
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Mitcham ◽  
Kenneth C. Gross ◽  
Timothy J Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
B Values ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

Cell wall synthesis during development and ripening of `Rutgers', rin and nor tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was quantified by monitoring incorporation of 14C into outer pericarp cell walls after pedicel injection of (U-14C) - sucrose. Fruit color (Hunter “a” and “b” values) and firmness (Instron) were also monitored. 14C-Incorporation continued throughout development and ripening in `Rutgers' cell walls and exhibited a transient increase from late maturegreen to the turning stage. Incorporation of 14C into cell walls of rin pericarp tissue was similar to `Rutgers' at 20 days pest-anthesls (DPA) (immature-green) but decreased to a level similar to red `Rutgers' fruit by 35 DPA. Incorporation of 14C into nor pericarp cell walls was low throughout the experimental period (20 to 75 DPA). In contrast to previous reports, rin and nor pericarp tissue exhibitad a decrease in firmness of the outer pericarp. However, the rate of softening was slower than in `Rutgers'. Pericarp tissue from rin and nor fruit at 70 and 75 DPA, respectively, resisted compression as much as pink `Rutgers' pericarp tissue.

scholarly journals Analysis of the molecular size of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) fruit polyuronides by gel filtration and low-speed sedimentation equilibrium

1987 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G B Seymour ◽  
S E Harding
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Sedimentation Equilibrium ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

The cell-wall structures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and other fruit are intimately linked with the nature of their polyuronides. Cell-wall polyuronides from unripe and ripe tomato fruit were isolated and purified and their molecular size and molecular-size distributions were compared. It was demonstrated that there is a considerable decrease in the weight-average Mr upon ripening (from 160,000 +/- 10,000 to 96,000 +/- 4000) and a corresponding increase in polydispersity, particularly at the low-Mr end of the distribution. The estimates of polyuronide molecular size and molecular-size distribution were obtained without the need for polyuronide standards of known Mr by using gel-filtration chromatography combined with the absolute method of low-speed sedimentation equilibrium.

scholarly journals Tomato Fruit Quality and Shelf Life in Hybrids Heterozygous for the alc Ripening Mutant

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Mutschler ◽  
David W. Wolfe ◽  
Edward D. Cobb ◽  
Kenneth S. Yourstone
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Heterozygous Condition ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Quality And Shelf Life

Fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hybrids heterozygous for the alc ripening mutation stored on average 60% (3.6 days) longer at 20C than that of their normal-ripening parents. There were no detrimental effects of the alc heterozygous condition on fruit color, firmness, or size. The background into which alc was introduced also affected fruit quality and shelf life. These results indicate hybrids heterozygous for the alc ripening mutant can produce commercially acceptable fruit with significantly longer shelf life than their normal-ripening parents.

Ripening and cell wall synthesis in normal and mutant tomato fruit

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1777-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Mitcham ◽  
Kenneth C. Gross ◽  
Timothy J Ng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis

FRUIT DISORDER OF GLASSHOUSE TOMATOES CAUSED BY A TOBACCO FORM OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
W. R. ALLEN ◽  
K. C. CHADHA
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Dark Green

A severe fruit disorder of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was induced with a tobacco form of tobacco mosaic virus isolated from blemished tomato fruit (cv. Ohio WR25) from a glasshouse crop in southwestern Ontario. Symptoms on green tomatoes consisted of slightly sunken, pale or yellowish-brown lesions with a thin, dark green margin. Lesions frequently expanded and coalesced along the flutes. The shoulders of the fruit were the most extensively affected areas. On mature fruit, the lesions appeared either silvery or silvery-brown and generally had a scabby appearance due to cracking and lifting of the surface tissues. Lesions were superficial and internal symptoms were not detected. First-truss inoculations prevented or delayed the fruit disorder. Inoculations at truss stages two, three, and four, however, resulted in development of affected fruit on inoculated as well as lower and subsequent trusses with the exception of the first truss. Similar susceptibilities to the fruit disorder occurred among the glasshouse cultivars Michigan Ohio (Burghart strain), Ohio WR25, Vantage, Veegan, and Vendor. No cross protection against the fruit disorder was provided by a mild tomato form of TMV introduced at the second-leaf stage.

THE EFFECT OF PENICILLIN ON THE STRUCTURE OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL CELL WALLS

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. E. Murray ◽  
W. H. Francombe ◽  
B. H. Mayall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Material ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Resistant Strains

Cultures of sensitive stains of Staphylococcus aureus were fixed with osmium tetroxide after 1–5 hours' exposure to various does of pencillin and were embedded in methacrylate for sectioning and electron microscopy. They were compared with untreated, control cultures. The contrast of the cell wall material was untreated, control cultures. The contrast of the cell wall material was increased, by cutting the section of lanthanum nitrate.The cells increased in size and the surrounding cell wall was thinner than normal. The main lesions appeared in the developing cell wall septa, which showed a loss in density and gross irregularity of shape. Some questionable inclusions were seen in the cytoplasm. Lysis was prevented in a medium containing 0.3 M sucrose and the stable spheroplasts retained a recognizable cell wall after 24 hours' exposure to penicillin. However, the septa could not be demonstrated in the cells treated in sucrose medium.Two resistant strains were exposed to penicillin. In one, the cells showed no morphological effects; in the other, there was temporary damage to the cell septa with complete recovery.The observations support the hypothesis that penicillin interferes with the synthesis of a cell wall component and indicate that the main point of cell wall synthesis is at the site of septum formation.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES OF CALLUS GROWTH AND LYCOPENE PIGMENT PRODUCTION FROM TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Talib Khashan Kareem ◽  
Abbas Tikki Karrar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

This experiment was conducted in faculty of Science labs, Kufa University, carried out during 2015 to applied methods for extraction, purification and Quantitative of Lycopene red pigments, from callus tissue and tomato fruits mother plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).This study include of three parts, Firstly; Tomato seeds(Supper queen) hybrid were germinated in free MS medium and callus induction from shoot tip (3cmpieces) by using MS medium supplemented with Dichlorophenoxiactic acid (2,4-D) at different concentration (0.5,1, 1.5mg/l)with benzyl adenine (BA) at concentration of (0.3 mg/l). Secondly; identically callus fresh weight re-cultured in the same MS medium supplemented with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as selective agent at level of (5,10,15 and 25%). Thirdly; comparisons study were made between in vitro and in vivo grown plant. Powder of control lycopene used as standard solution. The content of lycopene was done by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and compare of the quantitatively of lycopene with these content in fruits of mother plant, and callus tissue. Also, include alcohol extraction of Lycopene from tomato fruit by using acetone and hexane mixture. The result showed significant increased (P< 0.05) of lycopene production and the superiority of lycopene content in callus than the content in fruits of mother plant. Antioxidant enzymes activity like Catalase (CAT),Guaiacol peroxidise (POX) and Superoxide dismutase(SOD) were high in callus under drought stress than in fruit of mother plant. However, Proline and total sugar content were at higher levels in callus under drought stress than in fruit of mother plant.

scholarly journals ß-Galactosidase II Activity in Relation to Changes in Cell Wall Galactosyl Composition during Tomato Ripening

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Sean Carrington ◽  
Russell Pressey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Last Stage

Activity of ß-galactosidase II (EC 3.2.1.23), which can hydrolyze ß-galactan from tomato cell walls, increased markedly during ripening of `Roma' and `Rutgers' tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Activity of two other ß-galactosidase isozymes, incapable of galactan hydrolysis, was present in green fruit and remained unchanged throughout ripening. ß-Galactosidase II activity was not detectable in green fruit of either cultivar, appearing first at the breaker stage of `Roma' fruit and not until the pink stage of `Rutgers' fruit. Consistent with this, galactose loss from Na2CO3-soluble pectin (NSP) was detectable at an earlier stage in `Roma' vs. `Rutgers' fruit. A greater decline in NSP galactose was evident in `Roma' fruit compared to `Rutgers' fruit, in keeping with the higher levels and longer period of ß-galactosidase II expression in the former. Significant galactose loss from trans -1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid-soluble pectin, in contrast, was not seen until the last stage of ripening. These results indicate that the long-reported, net galactosyl loss from the cell walls of ripening tomatoes correlates with ß-galactosidase II activity. Nonetheless, the observation that softening commenced before ß-galactosidase II activity or galactose loss was detectable suggests some other basis for the earliest stages of ripening-related fruit softening in tomato.

scholarly journals HETEROSIS FOR SOME CHARECTERIBSTICE OF TOMATO FRUIT (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL).

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 2057-2067
Author(s):  
S. El-Afifi ◽  
A. Hamail ◽  
A. Wahba ◽  
P. Abd - Elmalek
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

scholarly journals Mobility Limitations of Bound Polygalacturonase in Isolated Cell Wall from Tomato Pericarp Tissue

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Rushing ◽  
Donald J. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
No Release ◽  
Autolytic Activity ◽  
Isolated Cell

Enzymically active cell wall isolated from mature-green and ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. `Rutgers') fruit was employed to investigate the mobility of the enzyme polygalacturonase (PG, EC 3.2.1.15). Cell walls from mature-green `Rutgers' fruit or from the ripening mutant rin, which alone exhibits little or no release of pectin, were unaffected by the addition of enzymically active cell wall from ripening `Rutgers' fruit, indicating that PG is either not transferred at all or is not transferred to sites of pectin hydrolysis. The quantity of pectin released by the addition of soluble PG to enzymically active wall depended on the quantity of enzyme added. Similar data were obtained using purified PG2. Pectin solubilization from all wall isolates exhibiting enzymically mediated pectin release diminished with time; however, transfer to fresh buffer initiated a resumption of autolytic activity, indicating that an inhibitor is released during the course of pectin hydrolysis.

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