scholarly journals Inheritance and Evolution of the Cucurbit Organellar Genomes

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 601e-601
Author(s):  
M.J. Havey ◽  
J. McCreight ◽  
W. Rhodes ◽  
G. Taurick
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Organellar Genomes ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

The cucurbits have several-fold size differences in their mitochondrial genomes. Watermelon possesses a relatively small mitochondrial genome of 330 kb. Squash has a larger mitochondrial genome of 840 kb. Cucumber and melon possess huge mitochondrial genomes of 1500 and 2400 kb, respectively. We demonstrated predominately paternal transmission of the mitochondrial genome in cucumber. Squash shows maternal transmission of the chloroplast genome. We generated reciprocal crosses and identified restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of melon, squash, and watermelon to establish their transmission. Our analyses also revealed that intergenomic transfers contributed to the evolution of extremely large mitochondrial genomes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Chloroplast DNA of Five Leafy Spurge (Euphorbiaspp.) Accessions

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Robert A. Masters ◽  
Donald J. Lee ◽  
Martha L. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were analyzed to assess genetic variation and relatedness among selections of North American and Eurasian leafy spurge. Leafy spurge accessions from Nebraska, Montana, Russia, Italy, and Austria were evaluated. Total DNA was extracted from young leaves and digested with the restriction endonuclease,EcoRI. CpDNA fragment patterns were determined by Southern blot analysis using mung bean cpDNA probes. Colinearity between the mung bean and leafy spurge chloroplast genomes was indicated by the observation that common fragments were hybridized by adjacent probes. Minimum estimates of chloroplast genome size for the five leafy spurge accessions, which ranged in kilobase size from 130 to 132, were within the size range of most terrestrial plants. Structural collinearity and reasonable estimates of chloroplast genome size provided evidence that the mung bean cpDNA library was suitable for characterizing leafy spurge cpDNA. Seven of the 13 mung bean probes hybridized to polymorphic leafy spurge cpDNA fragments. Based on number of polymorphisms unique to each Eurasian accession, the Austrian accession appeared to be most divergent followed by the Italian and Russian. The North American accessions seem to be most closely related to each other and to the Russian leafy spurge accession.

scholarly journals Restriction Enzyme Analyses of Cytoplasmic Diversity in Leek

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 596e-596
Author(s):  
D.L. Leite ◽  
M.J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Organellar Genomes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Diversity ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Hybrid leek (Allium ampeloprasum) is significantly more uniform and higher yielding than open-pollinated populations. Because leek has perfect flowers, a male-sterility system is required to produce hybrid seed economically. No cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has been described in leek. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genome have correlated with the expression of CMS in many crops. We undertook restriction-enzyme analyses of the chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs to identify polymorphic organellar genomes among 65 accessions of cultivated leek. Polymorphisms were detected in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Reciprocal crosses were generated to establish the transmission of the organellar genomes of leek.

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Chloroplast DNA From Six Species of Eucalyptus

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Steane ◽  
AK West ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
JR Ovenden ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Taxonomic Distance ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Chloroplast DNA was extracted from six species of Eucalyptus (E. perriniana, E. nitens, E. ovata, E. regnans, E. amygdalina and E. risdonii). Digests with four restriction enzymes (Hind III, Xho I, Nco I and Eco RV) revealed restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) between subgenera, between species and within species. However, no variation in fragment pattern was detected with Sac II or Pst I. The subgenera Monocalyptus and Symphyomyrtus were clearly differentiated by their RFLP patterns where, with the exception of one outlying specimen of E. amygdalina, 45% of all polymorphic fragments were specific to one or other subgenus. While species from different subgenera and series were well differentiated, it was more difficult to differentiate species within series with the low sample sizes used. However, the average net divergence between species increased with increasing taxonomic distance between species, from 0.02% within series and 0.20% between species from different series within subgenera, to 0.99% of nucleotides per nucleotide site for species from different subgenera. Based on Eco RV digests, the eucalypt chloroplast genome was estimated at 143 kb.

scholarly journals A genetic linkage map for the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms

1995 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinrui Shi ◽  
David G. Heckel ◽  
Marian R. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Map ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

SummaryWe present data for the initial construction of a molecular linkage map for the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, based on 52 progeny from an F2 cross from a pair mating of inbred strains p50 and C108, using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The map contains 15 characterized single copy sequences, 36 anonymous sequences derived from a follicular cDNA library, and 10 loci corresponding to a low copy number retrotransposon, mag. The 15 linkage groups and 8 ungrouped loci account for 23 of the 28 chromosomes and span a total recombination length of 413 cM; 10 linkage groups were correlated with established classic genetic maps. Scoring data from Southern blots were analysed using two Pascal programs written specifically to analyse linkage data in Lepidoptera, where females are the heterogametic sex and have achiasmatic meiosis (no crossing-over). These first examine evidence for linkage by calculating the maximum lod score under the hypothesis that the two loci are linked over the likelihood under the hypothesis that the two loci assort independently, and then determine multilocus linkage maps for groups of putatively syntenic loci by calculating the maximum likelihood estimate of the recombination fractions and the log likelihood using the EM algorithm for a specified order of loci along the chromosome. In addition, the possibility of spurious linkage was exhaustively tested by searching for genotypes forbidden by the absence of crossing-over in one sex.

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