Resistance of Impatiens Germplasm to Western Flower Thrips Feeding Damage

Western flower thrips (WFT) [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] are an ever-present problem in greenhouse floricultural crops. To determine if host plant resistance varied in impatiens [Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.] nine genotypes were evaluated for resistance to WFT feeding damage. Individual insect-free plants of each genotype were inoculated with ≈30 laboratory-reared WFT. Thrips were allowed to feed on individual plants for a 4-week period during which visual evaluations were conducted every 2 weeks to estimate feeding damage. Feeding damage varied among genotypes and increased with time. At 4 weeks after inoculation, `Cajun Carmine' and `Super Elfin Lavender' had significantly less feeding damage than all other genotypes. The San Vito Wild-type germplasm was determined to be highly susceptible to thrips feeding damage based on visual evaluations. Because WFT feeding damage varied among genotypes, the potential for improving impatiens resistance to WFT exists within commercially available germplasm.

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Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1384

Author(s):

Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽

Young Hae Choi ◽

Kirsten A. Leiss ◽

Peter G. L. Klinkhamer

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Western Flower Thrips ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Triterpenoid Saponins ◽

Flower Thrips ◽

Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

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EVIDENCE FOR AN ISOBUTYLAMIDE ASSOCIATED WITH HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE TO WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS, Frankliniella occidentalis, IN CHRYSANTHEMUM

Journal of Chemical Ecology ◽

10.1007/s10886-005-0977-1 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

RONG TSAO ◽

CHRIS H. MARVIN ◽

A. BRUCE BROADBENT ◽

MARTINA FRIESEN ◽

WAYNE R. ALLEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Western Flower Thrips ◽

Flower Thrips

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WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS: IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE IN PEPPER

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.5.494f ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 494f-494

Author(s):

R. L. Fery ◽

J. M. Schalk

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Western Flower Thrips ◽

Tolerance Mechanisms ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Flower Thrips ◽

Greenhouse Study

A greenhouse study was conducted to confirm the availability of resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande)]. Host plant resistance ratings confirmed earlier observations that there is a considerable amount of variability within pepper germplasm for reaction to F. doccidentalis. Plants of `California Wonder', `Keystone Resistant Giant', `Mississippi Nemaheart', `Sweet Banana' and `Yolo Wonder L' were resistant to the insect and exhibited only mild injury. Plants of `Bohemian Chili', `Carolina Cayenne', and `Santaka', however, exhibited the symptoms of severe thrips injury, i.e., poorly expanded, deformed and distorted leaves, greatly shortened internodes, and severe chlorosis. The resistance in pepper to F. occidentalis appears to be due to tolerance mechanisms, not nonpreference or antibiosis mechanisms. The levels of resistance identified in this study are sufficiently high to justify the initiation of breeding efforts to transfer F. doccidentalis resistance into susceptible pepper cultivars.

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Resistance to Western Flower Thrips Feeding Damage in Impatiens Populations from Costa Rica

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.38.7.1424 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 1424-1427 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel F. Warnock

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Western Flower Thrips ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Feeding Damage ◽

Single Population ◽

Flower Thrips ◽

Susceptible Control ◽

Impatiens Wallerana

Western flower thrips (WFT) [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] is a pest of greenhouse-grown floriculture crops worldwide. To determine if plant resistance varied in three populations of impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.) collected near San Vito, Costa Rica, 59 genotypes were evaluated for resistance to feeding by WFT. Individual insect-free plants of each genotype were inoculated with 20 laboratory-reared WFT. Thrips were allowed to feed on individual plants for a 4-week period followed by visual evaluations to estimate feeding damage. Feeding damage varied among genotypes. Thirty-seven genotypes had feeding damage levels similar to the susceptible control, while 22 entries were significantly more resistant than the susceptible control. Of the 22 genotypes with some level of resistance, six genotypes were commercially acceptable, having mean visual ratings below 4.0 on a 1 to 9 evaluation scale. Five of these six genotypes were seedlings from a single population and represented 13.9% of the seedlings in that population. The remaining seedling was from a second San Vito population. The plants in these populations identified as having acceptable levels of damage may be useful in a breeding program designed to enhance resistance to WFT feeding damage. Because WFT feeding damage varied among genotypes, the potential for improving impatiens resistance to WFT exists within available germplasm.

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Resistance in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to Western Flower Thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)]

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.8.1073 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 1073-1074 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Richard L. Fery ◽

James M. Schalk

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Host Plant ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Host Plant Resistance ◽

Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽

Western Flower Thrips ◽

Management Program ◽

Tolerance Mechanisms ◽

Flower Thrips ◽

Greenhouse Study

A replicated greenhouse study was conducted to confirm the availability of resistance to western Rower thrips in pepper germplasm. Host-plant resistance ratings confirmed earlier observations that there is a considerable amount of variability within pepper germplasm for reaction to F. occidentalis. Plants of `Keystone Resistant Giant', `Yolo Wonder L', `Mississippi Nemaheart', `Sweet Banana', and `California Wonder' were resistant to the insect and exhibited only mild symptoms of damage. Plants of `Carolina Cayenne', `Santaka', and `Bohemian Chili', however, exhibited the symptoms of severe thrips damage, i.e., poorly expanded, deformed, and distorted leaves; greatly shortened internodes; and severe chlorosis. The resistance to F. occidentalis in pepper appears to be due to tolerance mechanisms, not antixenosis (nonpreference) or antibiosis mechanisms. Thrips-resistant cultivars could be used as a cornerstone in an integrated pest management program for greenhouse pepper production.

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