scholarly journals Resistance to Western Flower Thrips Feeding Damage in Impatiens Populations from Costa Rica

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1424-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Impatiens Wallerana

Western flower thrips (WFT) [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] is a pest of greenhouse-grown floriculture crops worldwide. To determine if plant resistance varied in three populations of impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.) collected near San Vito, Costa Rica, 59 genotypes were evaluated for resistance to feeding by WFT. Individual insect-free plants of each genotype were inoculated with 20 laboratory-reared WFT. Thrips were allowed to feed on individual plants for a 4-week period followed by visual evaluations to estimate feeding damage. Feeding damage varied among genotypes. Thirty-seven genotypes had feeding damage levels similar to the susceptible control, while 22 entries were significantly more resistant than the susceptible control. Of the 22 genotypes with some level of resistance, six genotypes were commercially acceptable, having mean visual ratings below 4.0 on a 1 to 9 evaluation scale. Five of these six genotypes were seedlings from a single population and represented 13.9% of the seedlings in that population. The remaining seedling was from a second San Vito population. The plants in these populations identified as having acceptable levels of damage may be useful in a breeding program designed to enhance resistance to WFT feeding damage. Because WFT feeding damage varied among genotypes, the potential for improving impatiens resistance to WFT exists within available germplasm.

scholarly journals Resistance of Impatiens Germplasm to Western Flower Thrips Feeding Damage

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 802-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bejie Herrin ◽  
Daniel Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Present Problem ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Impatiens Wallerana

Western flower thrips (WFT) [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] are an ever-present problem in greenhouse floricultural crops. To determine if host plant resistance varied in impatiens [Impatiens wallerana Hook. f.] nine genotypes were evaluated for resistance to WFT feeding damage. Individual insect-free plants of each genotype were inoculated with ≈30 laboratory-reared WFT. Thrips were allowed to feed on individual plants for a 4-week period during which visual evaluations were conducted every 2 weeks to estimate feeding damage. Feeding damage varied among genotypes and increased with time. At 4 weeks after inoculation, `Cajun Carmine' and `Super Elfin Lavender' had significantly less feeding damage than all other genotypes. The San Vito Wild-type germplasm was determined to be highly susceptible to thrips feeding damage based on visual evaluations. Because WFT feeding damage varied among genotypes, the potential for improving impatiens resistance to WFT exists within commercially available germplasm.

scholarly journals 443 Resistance in Impatiens wallerana to Western Flower Thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)] Feeding Damage

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 470B-470
Author(s):  
B. Bejie Herrin ◽  
Daniel F. Warnock
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Population

Western flower thrips are an ever-increasing problem in greenhouse floriculture crops. Thrips resistance to pesticides as well as tighter regulations on pesticide use are making thrips management in the greenhouse more difficult. To improve host plant resistance, a study was conducted to determine if impatiens cultivars varied in their susceptibility to western flower thrips feeding damage. In a replicated study, nine impatiens cultivars were inoculated with about 30 thrips. Thrips were allowed to feed on individual plants during an 8-week period of growth. During plant growth, visual evaluations to estimate thrips feeding damage were conducted every 2 weeks. At the conclusion of the experiment, a final visual evaluation was made and thrips numbers were determined. Cultivars varied in estimates of thrips feeding damage. Several cultivars exhibited significantly reduced levels of thrips feeding damage. Of these cultivars, some had high thrips population levels, indicating tolerance, while other cultivars had low thrips population levels, an indication of antibiosis. One cultivar was determined to be highly susceptible to thrips feeding damage. This cultivar was so damaged by the end of the study, remaining plant material was unable to support thrips populations. Variability was found in the levels of thrips feeding damage and thrips population levels indicating the presence of tolerance and/or antibiosis. Because of detected variability, the potential for improving impatiens resistance to thrips feeding damages exists.

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

scholarly journals α-Ionone, an Apocarotenoid, Induces Plant Resistance to Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, Independently of Jasmonic Acid

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Murata ◽  
Tetsuya Kobayashi ◽  
Shigemi Seo
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Common Cutworm ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
As Stress

Apocarotenoids, such as β-cyclocitral, α-ionone, β-ionone, and loliolide, are derived from carotenes via chemical or enzymatic processes. Recent studies revealed that β-cyclocitral and loliolide play an important role in various aspects of plant physiology, such as stress responses, plant growth, and herbivore resistance. However, information on the physiological role of α-ionone is limited. We herein investigated the effects of α-ionone on plant protection against herbivore attacks. The pretreatment of whole tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with α-ionone vapor decreased the survival rate of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) without exhibiting insecticidal activity. Exogenous α-ionone enhanced the expression of defense-related genes, such as basic β-1,3-glucanase and basic chitinase genes, in tomato leaves, but not that of jasmonic acid (JA)- or loliolide-responsive genes. The pretreatment with α-ionone markedly decreased egg deposition by western flower thrips in the JA-insensitive Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant coi1-1. We also found that common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) larvae fed on α-ionone-treated tomato plants exhibited a reduction in weight. These results suggest that α-ionone induces plant resistance to western flower thrips through a different mode of action from that of JA and loliolide.

FEEDING PREFERENCES OF THE WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS, FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS (PERGANDE) (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE), AND INCIDENCE OF TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS AMONG CULTIVARS OF FLORIST’S CHRYSANTHEMUM

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Broadbent ◽  
J.A. Matteoni ◽  
W.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Wilt Virus

AbstractA wide range in feeding damage as defined by leaf scars among 27 cultivars of florist’s chrysanthemum was apparent for the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Assessments based on numbers of feeding scars or ranking of cultivars on the basis of the leaf area damaged by feeding were in close agreement. Cultivars with the most feeding damage under growth room conditions, such as cvs. White Marble and Polaris, were the same as those in plots within a naturally infested commercial greenhouse. Under growth room conditions, a 2- to 4-week exposure of plants to a population of thrips was sufficient to evaluate feeding damage. Closely related cultivars had similar levels of feeding damage, and foliage of yellow-flowered cultivars was significantly more attractive to thrips for feeding than foliage of white-flowered sister cultivars during the pre-bloom period. There was a low correlation between feeding damage and incidence of the tomato spotted wilt virus among cultivars in both growth room and greenhouse tests, indicating that virus susceptibility of cultivars was epidemiologically more significant than the feeding activity of western flower thrips.

EVIDENCE FOR AN ISOBUTYLAMIDE ASSOCIATED WITH HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE TO WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS, Frankliniella occidentalis, IN CHRYSANTHEMUM

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONG TSAO ◽  
CHRIS H. MARVIN ◽  
A. BRUCE BROADBENT ◽  
MARTINA FRIESEN ◽  
WAYNE R. ALLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips

scholarly journals WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS: IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE IN PEPPER

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 494f-494
Author(s):  
R. L. Fery ◽  
J. M. Schalk
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Greenhouse Study

A greenhouse study was conducted to confirm the availability of resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to western flower thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande)]. Host plant resistance ratings confirmed earlier observations that there is a considerable amount of variability within pepper germplasm for reaction to F. doccidentalis. Plants of `California Wonder', `Keystone Resistant Giant', `Mississippi Nemaheart', `Sweet Banana' and `Yolo Wonder L' were resistant to the insect and exhibited only mild injury. Plants of `Bohemian Chili', `Carolina Cayenne', and `Santaka', however, exhibited the symptoms of severe thrips injury, i.e., poorly expanded, deformed and distorted leaves, greatly shortened internodes, and severe chlorosis. The resistance in pepper to F. occidentalis appears to be due to tolerance mechanisms, not nonpreference or antibiosis mechanisms. The levels of resistance identified in this study are sufficiently high to justify the initiation of breeding efforts to transfer F. doccidentalis resistance into susceptible pepper cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of Tissue Phosphorus and Nitrogen in Impatiens wallerana on Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Population Levels and Plant Damage

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Kimberly A. Williams ◽  
Brent K. Harbaugh ◽  
Michelle L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Tissue Phosphorus ◽  
Impatiens Wallerana

Host-plant nutritional status may affect the incidence and development of western flower thrips (WFT; Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande). Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the responses of WFT population levels on impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f.) when plants were fertilized with commercially practiced rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Impatiens `Dazzler Violet' were grown with nutrient treatment combinations of 2 N rates (8 and 20 mm) by 2 P rates (0.32 and 1.28 mm). Individual plants grown in thrips-proof cages were inoculated with WFT at 2 or 4 weeks after transplant, in separate experiments, representing vegetative or reproductive stages of plant growth, respectively. Plants were destructively sampled weekly for 4 weeks following inoculation. Plant tissue N and P concentrations were significantly different across treatments: 8 and 20 mm N resulted in 4.9% and 6.3% N in tissue, respectively; 0.32 and 1.28 mm P resulted in 0.37% and 0.77% P in tissue, respectively. Nitrogen rates had no effect on WFT population levels. However, 4 weeks after inoculation with adult female WFT during the vegetative growth stage, plants fertilized with 1.28 mm P had more adult WFT than those fertilized with 0.32 mm P. Feeding damage varied depending on whether plants were inoculated in the vegetative stage with adult WFT or during reproductive growth with immature WFT. Plant size and number of flowers were lower in plants inoculated during the vegetative growth stage with adult WFT but were not affected when inoculation with immature WFT occurred during the reproductive stage, as most WFT were found feeding inside the nectariferous spurs of the flowers. Tissue N was lower in WFT-inoculated plants compared to noninoculated plants in both experiments.

scholarly journals Resistance in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to Western Flower Thrips [Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)]

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Fery ◽  
James M. Schalk
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Greenhouse Study

A replicated greenhouse study was conducted to confirm the availability of resistance to western Rower thrips in pepper germplasm. Host-plant resistance ratings confirmed earlier observations that there is a considerable amount of variability within pepper germplasm for reaction to F. occidentalis. Plants of `Keystone Resistant Giant', `Yolo Wonder L', `Mississippi Nemaheart', `Sweet Banana', and `California Wonder' were resistant to the insect and exhibited only mild symptoms of damage. Plants of `Carolina Cayenne', `Santaka', and `Bohemian Chili', however, exhibited the symptoms of severe thrips damage, i.e., poorly expanded, deformed, and distorted leaves; greatly shortened internodes; and severe chlorosis. The resistance to F. occidentalis in pepper appears to be due to tolerance mechanisms, not antixenosis (nonpreference) or antibiosis mechanisms. Thrips-resistant cultivars could be used as a cornerstone in an integrated pest management program for greenhouse pepper production.

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