scholarly journals Increased Flower Longevity in Petunia with Male Sterility

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 822B-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan G. Smith* ◽  
Nicole Gardner ◽  
Elizabeth Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Male And Female Sterility ◽  
Compatible Pollen ◽  
Important Character ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Flower longevity is an important character in many ornamental crops. The processes of pollination and fertilization can cause senescence of the petals through the action of ethylene or its precursors. Preventing the production of pollen and therefore pollination could delay the senescence of petals. We tested whether male-sterility would increase flower longevity in petunia. The gene consisted of a stamen-specific promoter isolated from a Lycopersicon esculentum gene driving the expression of a barnase. Barnase is a RNase that is cytotoxic. The gene was introduced into `Lavender Storm' and `Purple Wave' petunia by Agrobacterium- mediated gene transfer. Five independent transgenic lines of both cultivars were regenerated, rooted, and grown in a greenhouse. All lines showed complete male-sterility as measured by the lack of detectable pollen. Two transgenic lines and a non-transformed control of each cultivar were propagated vegetatively and the flower longevity of each genotype was determined in a greenhouse experiment. There were two treatments: no pollination or pollination with cross-compatible pollen. All sterile genotypes that were not pollinated had increased flower longevity relative to pollinated sterile flowers or either treatment of male fertile (non-transformed) genotypes. These results indicate an application for sterility in the production of petunia flowers with increased longevity. Male and female sterility may be applicable in other ornamental crops where pollination or fertilization is a trigger to petal senescence.

scholarly journals Genetics of Male and Female Sterility in Hybrids of Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-563
Author(s):  
H Allen Orr
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Drosophila Pseudoobscura ◽  
Testis Size ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Sterility

ABSTRACT The genetic basis of male and female sterility in hybrids of Drosophila pseudoobscura-Drosophila persimilis was studied using backcross analysis. Previous studies indirectly assessed male fertility by measuring testis size; these studies concluded that male sterility results from an X chromosome-autosome imbalance. By directly scoring for the production of motile sperm, male sterility is shown to be largely due to an incompatibility between genes on the X and Y chromosomes of these two species. These species have diverged at a minimum of nine loci affecting hybrid male fertility. Semisterility of hybrid females appears to result from an X chromosome-cytoplasm interaction; the X chromosome thus has the largest effect on sterility in both male and female hybrids. This is apparently the first analysis of the genetic basis of female sterility, or of sterility/inviability affecting both sexes, in an animal hybridization.

Drosophila melanogaster Importin α1 and α3 Can Replace Importin α2 During Spermatogenesis but Not Oogenesis

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Adam Mason ◽  
Robert J Fleming ◽  
David S Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Degenerate Pcr ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Importin Α ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Male And Female Sterility ◽  
A Site ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

Abstract Importin α’s mediate the nuclear transport of many classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS)-containing proteins. Multicellular animals contain multiple importin α genes, most of which fall into three conventional phylogenetic clades, here designated α1, α2, and α3. Using degenerate PCR we cloned Drosophila melanogaster importin α1, α2, and α3 genes, demonstrating that the complete conventional importin α gene family arose prior to the split between invertebrates and vertebrates. We have begun to analyze the genetic interactions among conventional importin α genes by studying their capacity to rescue the male and female sterility of importin α2 null flies. The sterility of α2 null males was rescued to similar extents by importin α1, α2, and α3 transgenes, suggesting that all three conventional importin α’s are capable of performing the important role of importin α2 during spermatogenesis. In contrast, sterility of α2 null females was rescued only by importin α2 transgenes, suggesting that it plays a paralog-specific role in oogenesis. Female infertility was also rescued by a mutant importin α2 transgene lacking a site that is normally phosphorylated in ovaries. These rescue experiments suggest that male and female gametogenesis have distinct requirements for importin α2.

Aberrant microspore development in hybrids of maize × Tripsacum dactyloides

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Kindiger
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Tripsacum Dactyloides ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Inherent Problem ◽  
Male And Female Sterility

Cytogenetic investigations of meiosis in hybrids between maize and Tripsacum have been well documented; however, the inherent problem of male and female sterility has not been addressed either on a genetic or cytogenetic level. The purpose of this cytological study was to identify some of the probable causes of male sterility in maize × Tripsacum dactyloides hybrids. Disturbances in pollen development of maize × T. dactyloides hybrids, derived from both diploid (2n) and tetraploid (4n) Tripsacum sources, were commonly observed. Anomalies in the development of the microspore apparently occurred because of a failure of the chromosomes to congregate at the metaphase plate, development of a tripolar spindle, and failure of cytokinesis at the first and second meiotic divisions. Phenotypic features of abnormal microspore development were the maturation of large pollen grains, "Siamese" pollen grains, the occurrence of variable invaginations, and a nuclear budding-type behavior. These abnormalities were not observed in the 56-chromosome amphidiploid or the 38-chromosome backcross generations.Key words: maize, Tripsacum, microspore, sterility.

scholarly journals Male and female sterility in Zambia

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 413-428
Author(s):  
Athena Pantazis ◽  
Samuel J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Female Sterility ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Sterility

scholarly journals FERTILITY GENES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. FREQUENCY, ALLELISM AND PERSISTENCE OF STERILITY GENES

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
Chozo Oshima ◽  
Takao K Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Random Combination ◽  
Cage Population ◽  
Male And Female Sterility ◽  
Fertility Genes ◽  
Sterility Genes ◽  
Lethal Genes

ABSTRACT Three or four percent of the wild flies in natural populations of D. melanogaster have been found to be sterile. An analysis of sterility associated with the second chromosome revealed a much lower frequency of genetically sterile flies. The accumulation of sterility genes in a cage population was proportional to that of lethal genes, as were their equilibrium frequencies in several natural populations. Many sterile chromosomes were associated with low viability due to pleiotropic effects. The number of chromosomes leading to sterility in both sexes was larger than the expectation based on random combination of male and female sterility genes. This suggests that there is some linkage disequilibrium between male and female sterility genes, as well as a pleiotropic effect of single sterility genes. Some sterility genes were maintained in natural and cage populations, and the patterns of persistence of the sterility genes were very similar to those of lethal genes.

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