Somatic Embryos Derived from Cotyledons of Cucumber

Two studies were conducted to test the effects of various tissue culture media on somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon tissue of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The two best media for embryo initiation were Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and vitamins containing either 1 or 2 mg 2,4-D/liter and 0.5 mg kinetin/liter. In the second study, embryos developed more normally. More plantlets developed when tissue was removed from the initiation medium after 3 weeks and transferred to MS containing 1 mg NAA/liter and 0.5 mg kinetin/liter for 3 weeks, rather than leaving the embryos on a medium containing 2,4-D. Histological evidence indicated that the embryos were multicellular in origin. Charcoal in the maturation medium inhibited embryo development. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) -acetic acid (2,4-D); N-(2-furanylmethyl)-lH-purine-6-amine (kinetin); 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

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Somatic Embryogenesis of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) As Affected by Culture Media and Composition of Plant Growth Regulators

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.5.3.119-125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 119-125

Author(s):

Hafith Furqoni ◽

Darda Efendi

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plant Tissue Culture ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Culture Media ◽

Block Design ◽

Hypocotyl Explants ◽

Tissue Culture Media ◽

Four Levels

Conventional production of melon hybrid seeds requires a long time. Propagation through plant tissue culture can be an alternative method to produce hybrid melon seedlings in order to fulfill the high demand for uniform seedlings. Our current study was aimed to determine the type of propagation media and the best concentration of picloram for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in melon from young seed explants. The study was expanded to examine the effective concentrations of two of auxins, 2-4 D and NAA, combined with BAP to induce somatic embryogenesis in melon using hypocotyl explants. The experiment was conducted at Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first experiment tested three types of planting media (MS, B5, and WPM) and four levels of picloram concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg.L-1). The second experiment tested auxin (2,4-D and NAA) concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg.L-1 and two BAP concentrations, 0 and 1 mg.L-1. The first study showed that no somatic embryos were formed with the media types and picloram concentration tested; the seeds, however, germinated and formed callus. In the second study, there was an interaction between concentration levels of auxin (2,4-D and NAA) and BAP on induction of somatic embryos using hypocotyl explants. Somatic embryo formation can be induced with treatment of 1 mg.L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg.L-1 BAP and 2 mg.L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg.L-1 BAP. The highest yield of embryos formation was with the treatment of 1 mg.L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg.L-1 BAP at 0.53 embryos per explant. Keywords: embryogenesis, tissue culture media, melon, Picloram, 2,4 D, BAP

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Regeneration of Bigleaf Magnolia by Somatic Embryogenesis

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.6.672 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 672-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S.A. Merkle ◽

B.A. Watson-Pauley

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Induction Medium ◽

Immature Seeds ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Adventive Embryos

Bigleaf magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla Michx.) cultures were initiated from immature seeds on an induction medium containing 9.0 μm 2,4-D, 1.1μm BA, and 1 g casein hydrolysate/liter. After 2 months on induction medium, one culture produced adventive embryos. Clumps of embryos transferred to liquid induction medium proliferated as nodules, which grew in diameter, but failed to produce embryos while maintained in induction medium. Nodules transferred to basal medium produced clumps of somatic embryos, which continued to produce repetitive embryos with monthly transfer to fresh basal medium. Individual embryos transferred to basal medium lacking casein hydrolysate germinated and leaves expanded. Plantlets derived from these embryos were transferred to potting mix and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); N -(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA).

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Somatic Embryogenesis in Three Magnolia Species

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.115.5.858 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 115 (5) ◽

pp. 858-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S.A. Merkle ◽

A.T. Wiecko

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Fresh Medium ◽

Free Medium ◽

Proembryogenic Masses ◽

Immature Seeds ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Soil Mix

Cultures were initiated from immature seeds of three species of magnolia: sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana L.), fraser magnolia (M. fraseri Walt.) and yellow cucumbertree [M. acuminata var. cordata (Michx.) Sarg.]. Immature seeds were bisected longitudinally and cultured on a solidified conditioning medium containing 2 mg 2,4-D/liter, 0.25 mg BA/liter, 40 g sucrose/liter, and 1 g casein hydrolysate/liter. Cultures were maintained in the dark at 22C and transferred to fresh medium at monthly intervals. Within 2 months of culture, somatic embryos or proembryogenic masses proliferated from one end of the endosperm mass. Somatic embryos and proembryogenic masses of each species were cultured on a hormone-free version of the conditioning medium to complete maturation and then transferred to the same hormone-free medium, minus casein hydrolysate, to initiate germination. Germinants were transferred to a hormone-free plantlet development medium for conversion. Plantlets of all three species survived transfer to soil mix and continued to grow. Chemical names used: (2,4 -dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D), N- (phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA).

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Nutrient Salts Promote Light-Induced Degradation of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Tissue Culture Media

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.88.2.379 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 379-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

James R. Dunlap ◽

Karen M. Robacker

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Culture Media ◽

Tissue Culture Media ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

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Cotyledon Age and Somatic Embryogenesis of Cowpea

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.4.594b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 594b-594

Author(s):

Lurline Marsh

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Gellan Gum ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Cotyledon Explants ◽

Globular Embryos ◽

Embryo Axes ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Somatic embryogenesis can be used to facilitate the improvement of traits in plants. The study was conducted to assess different ages of immature zygotic cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp), “MN13” cotyledons for their ability to produce somatic embryos. Cotyledons were harvested weekly for the first 8 weeks following anthesis. After removal of their embryo axes, they were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.6% agar, B-5 vitamins, 3% sucrose, and 20 mg·L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2-4D). Cotyledon explants of all the ages produced calli. The percentage of explants producing calli ranged from 32% to 92%. On transfer of the calli to similar medium containing 0.2% gellan gum instead of 0.6% agar, all ages except those from the 1-week cotyledons produced white globular somatic embryos. The largest of these embryos were 9 mm in length. The highest frequency of globular embryos was produced with the 3- to 5-week-old cotyledons.

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Somatic Embryogenesis in Members of the Plumbaginaceae Ornamental Statice Limonium and Sea Thrift Armeria maritima

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1122 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 1122-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammed A.M. Aly ◽

Bala Rathinasabapathi ◽

Sheevani Bhalsod

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Cotyledon Explants ◽

Poor Seed ◽

Armeria Maritima ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Somatic Embryo Induction ◽

Better Than

Many members of the Plumbaginaceae are important flower crops wherein propagation is hindered by poor seed germination. Micropropagation via organogenesis is commercially practiced for certain Limonium species. However, somatic embryogenesis was not reported for members of the Plumbaginaceae until recently for L. bellidifolium Durmort. The induction of somatic embryogenesis from cotyledon explants in a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was examined in four other members of this family, Limonium aureum O. Kuntze, L. latifolium O. Kuntze, L. sinuatum Mill., and Armeria maritima Willd. Induction of embryogenic callus was achieved in all the species examined on MS medium supplemented with 4.5 μm 2,4-D and 88 or 118 mm sucrose. Species of the genus Limonium responded better than A. maritima Willd. in somatic embryo induction and maturation. Somatic embryos of L. aureum O. Kuntze matured readily on MS medium supplemented with 0.93 μm kinetin and 88 mm mannitol. Chemical name used: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D).

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Plant Regeneration from Excised Cotyledons of Mature Strawberry Achenes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.5.569 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 569-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Raymond Miller ◽

Craig K. Chandler

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Plant Regeneration ◽

Multiple Shoot ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Developmental Studies ◽

Shoot Buds ◽

Cotyledon Explants ◽

Multiple Shoot Buds ◽

Rapid Regeneration ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

A protocol was developed for excising and culturing cotyledon explants from mature achenes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Cotyledon explants formed callus with multiple shoot buds on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog media containing several combinations of hormones (1 μm 2,4-D; 10 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA; 5 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA + 5 μm NAA; 5 μ m BA + 15 μ m NAA). After three subcultures, only tissues maintained on the medium containing 5 μm BA + 5 μm NAA continued to form shoots. Tissues transferred to other media eventually died (1 μm 2,4-D; 1 μ m BA + 10 μ m 2,4-D; 5 μ m BA; 5 μ m BA + 1 μ m 2,4-D), became unorganized (1 μm BA + 1 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 10 μm 2,4-D; 5 μm BA + 15 μm NAA), or formed roots (10 μm 2,4-D). Whole plantlets were produced by transferring callus with buds to medium lacking hormones. The rapid regeneration of clonal plantlets from cotyledon explants may be useful for reducing variability in future developmental studies. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (BA); (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D); and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

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