EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANESTHESIA ON CEREBRAL OXYGENATION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY

Digital games are a relatively new tool for educators, who often misunderstand their value for education. This is partly since they perceive many very different types of games in the same way. The authors propose a taxonomy of digital games in education based on the features that are relevant to instructional design and educational research. The taxonomy outlines four genres into which games fall, depending on the cognitive functions and skills they engage. The theoretical basis for the taxonomy the authors develop draws from R. M. Gagne’s Five Categories of Learning Outcomes, Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, and D. H. Jonassen’s Typology of Problem Solving. The links between these theories and the educational games taxonomy will allow educators and researchers to understand games in the light of their educational affordances. Instructional design based on these theories can more effectively integrate games into the classroom.

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PS80. Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Patch Angioplasty Versus Primary Closure and Different Types of Patch Materials During Carotid Endarterectomy

Journal of Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jvs.2010.02.119 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 41S

Author(s):

Kittipan Rerkasem ◽

Peter M. Rothwell

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Carotid Endarterectomy ◽

Primary Closure ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Patch Angioplasty ◽

Different Types

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Skill development in different components of arithmetic and basic cognitive functions: Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study of children with different types of learning difficulties.

Journal of Educational Psychology ◽

10.1037/a0016838 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 115-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Ulf Andersson

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Skill Development ◽

Learning Difficulties ◽

Different Types

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Cerebral oximetry and stump pressure as indicators for shunting during carotid endarterectomy: comparative evaluation

Vascular ◽

10.1258/vasc.2010.oa0277 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 187-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Charalambos L Tambakis ◽

George Papadopoulos ◽

Theodoros N Sergentanis ◽

Nikolaos Lagos ◽

Eleni Arnaoutoglou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carotid Endarterectomy ◽

Operating Characteristic ◽

Internal Carotid ◽

Cerebral Oxygenation ◽

Cerebral Oximetry ◽

Characteristic Analysis ◽

Shunt Insertion ◽

Stump Pressure ◽

Baseline Recording ◽

Cerebral Monitoring

The purpose of this work is to investigate the correlation between regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) changes and stump pressure (SP) during cross-clamping of the internal carotid artery in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and verify the perspectives of rSO2 to become a criterion for shunting. Sixty consecutive CEAs under general anesthesia were studied prospectively. Selective shunting was based on SP ≤40 mmHg exclusively. Regression analysis with high order terms and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to investigate the association between ΔrSO2(%) and SP and to determine an optimal ΔrSO2(%) threshold for shunt insertion. A quadratic association between ΔrSO2(%) and SP was documented regarding the baseline to one and five minutes after cross-clamping intervals. A cut-off of 21 and 10.1% reduction from the baseline recording was identified as optimal for the distinction between patients needed or not a shunt regarding the first and fifth minute after cross-clamping, respectively. In conclusion, cerebral oximety reflects sufficiently cerebral oxygenation during CEA compared with SP, providing a useful mean for cerebral monitoring.

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