scholarly journals Labor Market Institutions and Informality in Transition and Latin American Countries

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut F. Lehmann ◽  
Alexander Muravyev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Latin American Countries

scholarly journals Youth Unemployment in Uruguay

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (281) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Torres ◽  
Sidonia McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Synthetic Panels ◽  
Adult Unemployment

Uruguay enjoys favorable social outcomes, and its labor indicators are comparable to other Latin American countries, but its youth unemployment is one of the highest in the world. To help understand this duality, we employ synthetic panels from repeated household surveys for LA6 countries from 1990-2018 to investigate the determinants of the youth-to-adult unemployment gap. We find that a large part of the Uruguayan gap cannot be explained by standard variables, which opens the possibility that other uncontrolled factors, including labor market institutions, might be at play.

scholarly journals Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Kugler
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
The Impact

This paper documents recent labor market performance in the Latin American region. The paper shows that unemployment, informality, and inequality have been falling over the past two decades, though still remain high. By contrast, productivity has remained stubbornly low. The paper, then, turns to the potential impacts of various labor market institutions, including employment protection legislation (EPL), minimum wages (MW), payroll taxes, unemployment insurance (UI) and collective bargaining, as well as the impacts of demographic changes on labor market performance. The paper relies on evidence from carefully conducted studies based on micro-data for countries in the region and for other countries with similar income levels to draw conclusions on the impact of labor market institutions and demographic factors on unemployment, informality, inequality and productivity. The decreases in unemployment and informality can be partly explained by the reduced strictness of EPL and payroll taxes, but also by the increased shares of more educated and older workers. By contrast, the fall in inequality starting in 2002 can be explained by a combination of binding MW throughout most of the region and, to a lesser extent, by the introduction of UI systems in some countries and the role of unions in countries with moderate unionization rates. Falling inequality can also be explained by the fall in the returns to skill associated with increased share of more educated and older workers.

Dynamic household models of forest clearing under distinct land and labor market institutions: can agricultural policies reduce tropical deforestation?

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOSHITO TAKASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Forest Policies ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Household Models

This paper develops four agricultural household models of forest clearing – as both an input for current production and an investment in future production – over two periods under distinct land and labor market institutions. Five different effects of policies on farmers' forest clearing decisions are identified. Careful comparison of their relative magnitudes reveals (potential) pro-forest policies under distinct market conditions. In Latin American countries, poor early settlers are often bid off their cleared land after or without cultivation by wealthy large holders. With this ‘sell-out effect,’ price transfer and technological transfer for soil management targeting poor colonists and policy reforms eliminating land price distortions are recommended to arrest deforestation. On the other hand, especially in places where land transaction opportunities are nil like Sub-Saharan African countries, policies promoting non-agricultural activities among poor farmers are needed.

scholarly journals Trends in Wage Inequality in the Netherlands

De Economist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colja Schneck
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Educational Degree ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn this paper I analyze changes in the wage distribution in the Netherlands. I use a matched employer-employee dataset that covers the population of employees. Wage inequality increases over the period of 2001–2016. Changes in between-firm wage components are responsible for nearly the entire increase. Increases in the variance of workers’ skills and increases in worker sorting and worker segregation explain the majority of the rise in the variance of wages. These changes are accompanied by a pattern where variation in educational degree and firm average wages become more correlated over time. Finally, it is suggested that labor market institutions in the Netherlands play an important role in mediating overall wage inequality.

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