Rural Electrification and Domestic Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa

Almost one billion people in the world still do not have access to electricity. Most of them live in rural areas of the developing world. Access to electricity in the rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa is only 28%, roughly 600 million people. The financing of rural electrification is challenging and, in order to accomplish higher private sector investments, new innovative business models have to be developed. In this paper, a new approach in the financing of microgrid electrification activities is proposed and investigated. In this approach, agriculture related businesses take the lead in the electrification activities of the surrounding communities. It is shown that the high cost of rural electrification can be met through the increased value of locally produced products, and cross-subsidization can take place in order to decrease the cost of household electrification. The approach is implemented in a case study in Rwanda, through which the possibility of local agricultural cooperatives leading electrification activities is demonstrated.

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Modelling and management of smart microgrid for rural electrification in sub-saharan Africa: The case of Nigeria

The Electricity Journal ◽

10.1016/j.tej.2019.106672 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 106672 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eunice C. Nnaji ◽

Donald Adgidzi ◽

Michael O. Dioha ◽

Daniel R.E. Ewim ◽

Zhongjie Huan

Keyword(s):

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rural Electrification ◽

Sub Saharan

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Local Gender Norms: Persistence or Change? Reply to “A Gendered Resource Curse? Mineral Ownership, Female Unemployment and Domestic Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa” by Mario Krauser, Tim Wegenast, Gerald Schneider, and Ingeborg Elgersmar

Zeitschrift für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung ◽

10.1007/s42597-020-00026-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Clara Neupert-Wentz

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Gender Norms ◽

Resource Curse ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan

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Renewable energy supported microgrid in rural electrification of Sub-Saharan Africa

2017 IEEE PES PowerAfrica ◽

10.1109/powerafrica.2017.7991293 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yemeserach Mekonnen ◽

Arif I. Sarwat

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rural Electrification ◽

Sub Saharan

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Structural change and wife abuse: A disaggregated study of mineral mining and domestic violence in sub-Saharan Africa, 1999–2013

Political Geography ◽

10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.11.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 53-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andreas Kotsadam ◽

Gudrun Østby ◽

Siri Aas Rustad

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Structural Change ◽

Wife Abuse ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Mineral Mining ◽

Sub Saharan

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Domestic Violence across 30 Countries in Africa

10.1101/2020.05.19.20107029 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna E Ssentongo ◽

Emily S. Heilbrunn ◽

Paddy Ssentongo ◽

Dan Lin ◽

Yanxu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Hotspot Analysis ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Meta Regression Analysis ◽

Surrounding Areas

Introduction: Domestic violence is a prevalent global health issue that causes incredibly adverse consequences for an individuals physical and psychological health. The rates of physical and sexual violence in developing countries are thought to be some of the highest in the world, where up to 44% of women in Sub-Saharan Africa have experienced domestic violence. However, this has not been explored systematically. We present the first study to estimate the incidence and prevalence of physical and sexual violence across Africa. Methods: Poisson meta-regression analysis on demographic health survey data from 482,670 women from 442,507 households in 30 countries across Africa. Hotspot analysis using the Getis-ORD Gi approach at the sub-regional level. Results: Of 482,670 women, those who were divorced or separated were approximately 7 times more likely to experience physical violence and 6 times more likely to experience sexual violence compared to those who were never married (Risk Ratio: RRs:7.35, 95%CI 7.16-7.54 and 5.89, 95%CI 5.75-6.02 respectively). Likewise, wealth index and education level were inversely related to the incidence and prevalence of sexual and physical violence. Hotspots of sexual and physical violence were identified in Congo and surrounding areas. Conclusions: Interventions should be designed to address the high levels of physical and sexual violence in Congo and surrounding areas, especially in those who are less educated, have lower wealth indices, and are divorced or separated.

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Promoting Rural Electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa: Least-Cost Modelling of Decentralized Energy-Water-Food Systems: Case Study of St. Rupert Mayer, Zimbabwe

Springer Proceedings in Energy - Africa-EU Renewable Energy Research and Innovation Symposium 2018 (RERIS 2018) ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-93438-9_6 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 71-89

Author(s):

J. Winklmaier ◽

S. Bazan Santos

Keyword(s):

Food Systems ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rural Electrification ◽

Cost Modelling ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Decentralized Energy

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Optimal Sizing and Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems—A Case Study of a Photovoltaic/Wind/Battery/Diesel System in Fanisau, Northern Nigeria

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8111381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1381

Author(s):

Nasser Yimen ◽

Theodore Tchotang ◽

Abraham Kanmogne ◽

Idriss Abdelkhalikh Idriss ◽

Bashir Musa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rural Electrification ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Diesel Generator ◽

Renewable Energy Systems ◽

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Hybrid Renewable Energy

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) have been touted as an appropriate way for supplying electricity to remote and off-grid areas in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where rural electrification challenges are the most pronounced. This study proposes a two-step methodology for optimizing and analyzing a stand-alone photovoltaic/wind/battery/diesel hybrid system to meet the electricity needs of Fanisua, an off-grid and remote village of northern Nigeria. In the first step, the MATLAB environment was used to run simulations and optimize the system via the genetic algorithm. Then, techno-economic and emissions analysis was carried out in the second step to compare the proposed system to the existing traditional modes of rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa, namely, the grid-extension and diesel generator. The break-even distance parameter was adopted in the comparison with grid-extension. Besides, the hypothetical project of replacing the diesel generator by the optimal system was analyzed using the Simple Payback Period (SPP) and Net Present Value (NPV) parameters. The resulting optimal design architecture included an 89.271-kW photovoltaic array, a 100.31-W diesel generator, and 148 batteries with a total annualized cost (TAC) and cost of energy (COE) of USD 43,807 and USD 0.25/kWh, respectively. The break-even distance found was 16.2 km, while the NPV and SPP of the hypothetical project were USD 572,382 and 2.8 years, respectively. The savings in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the proposed system compared to the grid extension and the diesel generator were found to be 85,401.08 kg/year and 122,062.85 kg/year, respectively. This study highlighted the role that solar PV-based HRESs could play in the sustainable electricity supply in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa.

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