Efeitos do desemprego, do Auxílio Emergencial e do Programa Emergencial de Preservação do Emprego e da Renda (MP 936) sobre a renda, a pobreza e a desigualdade durante e depois da pandemia (Effects of Unemployment, Basic Emergency Income and the Emergency Employment and Income Preservation Program (MP 936) on Income, Poverty and Inequality during and after the Pandemic in Brazil)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Jerônimo Barbosa ◽  
Ian Prates
Keyword(s):  
Income Poverty ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

BEING POOR IN A RICH "NANNY STATE": DEVELOPMENTS IN SINGAPORE SOCIAL WELFARE

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550038 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE Y. H. NG
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Social Divide ◽  
Wage Earnings

This paper reviews the trends in poverty and inequality in Singapore since independence, as well as policy recommendations adopted through the years, and their results. Poverty is discussed not only in terms of wage earnings, but also in relation to employment conditions, social challenges that pile up together with income poverty, and intergenerational mobility. The paper finds that notwithstanding improvements in early decades, after fifty years, the problems of a social divide and poverty have come full circle. Social policy in Singapore retains its fundamentally productivist philosophical orientation, but the recent deterioration in poverty, inequality and mobility trends is leading to adoption of more welfare-oriented and universalist policy solutions. Social inclusion is now a national priority, and policy redirection for the future needs to take place in wide-ranging policy domains, including the labor market and economic growth.

scholarly journals The role of automatic stabilizers and emergency tax–benefit policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Xavier Jara ◽  
Lourdes Montesdeoca ◽  
Iva Tasseva
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
New Family ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Household Disposable Income ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Income Decile

This paper makes use of tax–benefit microsimulation techniques to quantify the distributional effects of COVID-19 in Ecuador and the role of tax–benefit policies in mitigating the immediate impact of the economic shocks. Our results show a dramatic increase in income poverty and inequality between December 2019 and June 2020. The poverty rate, measured with the national poverty line, goes up from 25.7 to 58.2 per cent over this period and extreme poverty increases from 9.2 to 38.6 per cent. Inequality measured by the Gini coefficient increases substantially from 0.461 to 0.592. On average, household disposable income drops by 41 per cent. The new Family Protection Grant provides income protection for the poorest income decile. However, overall tax–benefit policies do little to mitigate the losses in household incomes due to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Distributive Implications of Fertility Changes in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Badaracco ◽  
Leonardo Gasparini ◽  
Mariana Marchionni
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries

Fertility rates significantly fell over the last decades in Latin America. In order to assess the extent to which these changes contributed to the observed reduction in income poverty and inequality, we apply microeconometric decomposition to microdata from national household surveys from seven Latin American countries. We find that changes in fertility rates were associated with a nonnegligible reduction in inequality and poverty in the region. The main channel was straightforward: lower fertility implied smaller families and hence larger per capita incomes. Lower fertility also fostered labor force participation, especially among women, which contributed to the reduction of poverty and inequality in most countries, although the size of this effect was smaller.

scholarly journals The sensitivity to key data imputations of recent estimates of income poverty and inequality in South Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cally Ardington ◽  
David Lam ◽  
Murray Leibbrandt ◽  
Matthew Welch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

scholarly journals Intra-household distribution of resources and income poverty and inequality in Visegrád countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Fialová ◽  
Martina Mysíková
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Equivalence Scale ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Equal Sharing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Visegrád Countries

PurposeThe authors aim to demonstrate the impact of allowing for unequal intra-household distribution of resources on income poverty and income inequality.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies a collective consumption model to study the intra-household distribution of resources in Visegrád countries (V4). It utilises subjective financial satisfaction as a proxy for indirect utility from individual consumption to estimate the indifference scales within couples instead of the traditional equivalence scale. The European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2013 and 2018 data are applied.FindingsThis study’s results indicate substantial economies of scale from living in a couple that are generally higher than implied by the commonly applied equivalence scale. The sharing rule estimates suggest that at the mean of distribution factors, women receive a consumption share between 0.4 and 0.6; however, some of the results are close to an equal sharing of 0.5. The female consumption share rises with her contribution to household income. Regarding income poverty and inequality, the authors show that both these measures might be underestimated in the traditional approach to equal sharing of resources.Originality/valueThe authors add to the empirics by estimating indifference scales for Czechia (CZ), Hungary (HU), Poland (PL) and Slovakia (SK), countries that have not been involved in previous research.

Estimating Income Poverty and Inequality from the Gallup World Poll

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gasparini ◽  
Pablo Glüzmann
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Gallup World Poll

This article takes advantage of a new source of information, the 2006 Gallup World Poll, to estimate and characterize income poverty and inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) at the country level, and to compare LAC with other regions in the world. The Gallup survey has the advantage of being conducted in over 130 nations with almost the same questionnaire; it stands as a complement to national household surveys for international comparison purposes. Our results confirm that Latin American countries are among the most unequal in the world, but we also find, considered as a single unit, Latin America is less unequal than other regions.

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