Concordance Between Self-Report Psychoactive Substance Use and Urine Drug Test Among Students of University of Ilorin, Nigeria

Substance abuse and dependence are frequently encountered in emergency units of our hospitals, and it accounts for major health care problems frequently leading to accident and emergency department admission, though it is often missed or not diagnosed. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of drug abuse and dependence among patients attending Accident and Emergency Hospitals and to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of these patients with substance use disorders. A total of 200 consented participants attending the accident and emergency unit of the hospital were recruited into the study consecutively over a 2-week period. They were screened for psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUD) with Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and urine drug test (UDT) in the first phase and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Instrument was used to make definitive diagnosis in the second stage. The result revealed that the prevalence of substance use disorders was 19.0% (13.0% for substance abuse and 6.0% for substance dependence). The study found that being male (p <0.001), widowed (p ≤0.012), and Christian (p ≤0.006) were associated with substance use disorders among patients presenting at accident and emergency units. The authors concluded that the prevalence of substance use disorders recorded in this study is higher compared to previous study conducted by Mustafa et al in Egypt with 11.5%. The reason could be due to inclusion of biochemical test (urine drug test) in our screening, whereas only self-report questionnaires were used in their study.

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Illicit psychoactive substance use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins

Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health ◽

10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70672-8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 79-80

Author(s):

Richard J. Frances

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Population Based ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use

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Religious Uses of Licit and Illicit Psychoactive Substances in a Branch of the Santo Daime Religion

Fieldwork in Religion ◽

10.1558/firn.v2i3.393 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 393-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward MacRae

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Psychoactive Substance ◽

Psychoactive Substances ◽

Religious Groups ◽

Santo Daime ◽

Brazilian Society ◽

Psychoactive Substance Use ◽

Constant Source

The article deals with the different effects of tolerant and prohibitionist policies associated with psychoactive substance use in Brazil. Whereas the licit use of ayahuasca has been successfully incorporated into mainstream Brazilian society, the ritual use of cannabis by one of the Santo Daime religious groups has never been fully accepted and remains a constant source of problems for the ayahuasca churches, their followers and society at large.

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A Prediction Model for Positive Infant Meconium and Urine Drug Tests

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1721688 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Simpson ◽

David A. Skoglund ◽

Sarah E. Stone ◽

Ashley K. Sherman

Keyword(s):

Prediction Model ◽

Drug Testing ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

P Value ◽

Test Characteristics ◽

Drug Test ◽

Urine Drug ◽

Urine Drug Test

Objective This study aimed to determine the factors associated with positive infant drug screen and create a shortened screen and a prediction model. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all infants who were tested for drugs of abuse from May 2012 through May 2014. The primary outcome was positive infant urine or meconium drug test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. A combined screen was created, and test characteristics were analyzed. Results Among the 3,861 live births, a total of 804 infants underwent drug tests. Variables associated with having a positive infant test were (1) positive maternal urine test, (2) substance use during pregnancy, (3) ≤ one prenatal visit, and (4) remote substance abuse; each p-value was less than 0.0001. A model with an indicator for having at least one of these four predictors had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 69%. Application of this screen to our population would have decreased drug testing by 57%. No infants had a positive urine drug test when their mother's urine drug test was negative. Conclusion This simplified screen can guide clinical decision making for determining which infants should undergo drug testing. Infant urine drug tests may not be needed when a maternal drug test result is negative. Key Points

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Evaluating the Athlete's Claim of an Unintentional Positive Urine Drug Test

Current Sports Medicine Reports ◽

10.1249/jsr.0b013e318224575f ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 191-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jeffrey M. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Drug Test ◽

Positive Urine ◽

Urine Drug ◽

Urine Drug Test

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Tapentadol is the least common opioid found in admission urine drug-test results at an intensive outpatient opioid-use disorder treatment program in Ohio: A brief report

Journal of Opioid Management ◽

10.5055/jom.2021.0610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Adam Rzetelny, PhD ◽

Diana Meske, PhD ◽

Parag Patel, MD, FACOG, FASAM ◽

Steven Passik, PhD

Keyword(s):

Treatment Program ◽

Opioid Use Disorder ◽

Common Finding ◽

Prescription Opioid ◽

Test Results ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Drug Test ◽

Urine Drug ◽

Urine Drug Test ◽

Dispensing Data

Background: Previous data suggest that tapentadol, an atypical opioid with a putative dual mechanism of action, has relatively low rates of abuse. A better understanding of the rates of abuse among different prescription opioids may help clinicians when considering their potential risks and benefits. The results of urine drug tests (UDTs) may provide a unique opportunity to help answer this question.Method: To investigate different rates of prescription-opioid abuse in this retrospective study, we examined urine drug test results from patients seeking treatment at four facilities of an opioid-use-disorder (OUD) treatment program in Ohio. Urine specimens were collected on admission, one from each patient, in the regular course of care. The opioids reviewed in the present study were tapentadol, hydrocodone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, and tramadol. Drug dispensing data, including morphine-milligram equivalents (MME) dispensed, were examined to adjust for the relative prevalence of each opioid being examined.Results: Data from 4,162 patients were examined. Tapentadol was the least common finding in UDT results in this cohort and remained so after adjusting for drug availability. The percentage of specimens positive for a given opioid ranged from 0.12 percent (tapentadol) to 7.04 percent (oxycodone). The availability and MME adjustments resulted in a change of rank order, with tapentadol remaining the lowest but tramadol replacing oxycodone as the prescription opioid with the highest rate of abuse.Conclusions: In this sample of UDT results from patients seeking treatment at an OUD program in Ohio, tapentadol was the least frequent finding among the opioids examined, and this remained true when adjusting for dispensing data. Factors potentially contributing to this difference may include pharmacological properties unique to tapentadol. Several important limitations notwithstanding, these findings are consistent with previous real-world evidence and warrant an ongoing line of inquiry.

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