scholarly journals Soluble Serum Transferrin Receptor (STFR) Levels in Hemodialysis Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Majeed ◽  
Aisha Hameed ◽  
Iram Aftab ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
Shahida Mohsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

<p><strong>Objectives:  </strong>Anemia is a frequent disorder in patients with end stage renal disease. Erythropoietin is advised in these patients; however, this therapy is not effective in patients who are iron deficient. So, diagnosis of iron deficiency which is traditionally based on ferritin and other iron parameters becomes difficult in these patients, as chronic kidney disease is a chronic inflammatory condition which affects these markers and masks the iron deficiency. In present study, we assessed the reliability of another indicator of body iron supply; serum transferrin receptor, in hemodialysis patients. It is not affected in case of inflammation unlike other markers of iron status.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong>  </strong>Eighty Patients with end</p><p>stage renal disease, 20 to 60 years of age and both sexes were included. All cases were examined for complete blood count, serum iron, serum ferritin, serum total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and serum soluble transferrin receptor. Data was analysed by using independent sample <em>t</em> test and Pearson’ correlation. A <em>p </em>value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as significant.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:  </strong>The results of our research showed that mean values of serum soluble transferrin receptor and serum ferritin were 3.28 ± 0.83 µg/ml and 286.31 ± 165 ng/ml respectively which were significantly higher than the upper normal limit (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.001). Levels of sTfR were statistically different (<em>p </em>= 0.002) between iron replete group (SF &gt; 100 ng/ml) and iron deplete group (SF &lt; 100 ng/ml). Additionally, there was negative and significant correlation between sTfR and Hemoglobin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:  </strong>Levels of serum soluble transferrin receptor can be used as a reliable marker of iron defi-ciency in hemodialysis patients.</p>

scholarly journals The Iron Status of Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa A. Sani ◽  
James O. Adewuyi ◽  
Abiola S. Babatunde ◽  
Hannah O. Olawumi ◽  
Rasaki O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
The Mean

Objectives. Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is one of the commonest genetic disorders in the world. It is characterized by anaemia, periodic attacks of thrombotic pain, and chronic systemic organ damage. Recent studies have suggested that individuals with SCA especially from developing countries are more likely to be iron deficient rather than have iron overload. The study aims to determine the iron status of SCA patients in Ilorin, Nigeria.Methods. A cross-sectional study of 45 SCA patients in steady state and 45 non-SCA controls was undertaken. FBC, blood film, sFC, sTfR, and sTfR/log sFC index were done on all subjects.Results. The mean patients’ serum ferritin (589.33 ± 427.61 ng/mL) was significantly higher than the mean serum ferritin of the controls (184.53 ± 119.74 ng/mL). The mean serum transferrin receptor of the patients (4.24 ± 0.17 μg/mL) was higher than that of the controls (3.96 ± 0.17 μg/mL) (p=0.290). The mean serum transferrin receptor (sTfR)/log serum ferritin index of the patients (1.65 ± 0.27 μg/mL) was significantly lower than that of the control (1.82 ± 0.18 μg/mL) (p=0.031).Conclusion. Iron deficiency is uncommon in SCA patients and periodic monitoring of the haematological, biochemical, and clinical features for iron status in SCA patients is advised.

Serum Transferrin Receptor and Transferrin Receptor-Ferritin Index Identify Healthy Subjects With Subclinical Iron Deficits

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 2934-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauli Suominen ◽  
Kari Punnonen ◽  
Allan Rajamäki ◽  
Kerttu Irjala
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
American Society ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Despite the established utility of serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum ferritin, and the sTfR/log ferritin ratio (TfR-F Index) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency (ID) anemia, the numeric values of these parameters, which are indicative of subclinical ID, remain to be clearly defined. In this study, 65 apparently healthy nonanemic adults (22 men and 43 women) were treated with 3 months of oral iron supplementation to evaluate its effect on parameters reflecting iron status and to determine the prevalence of subclinical iron deficiency in apparently healthy adults. Significant supplementation-induced changes were observed in sTfR, ferritin, and TfR-F Index values in women, whereas in men, none of the studied parameters showed any significant change. Iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE) was not observed in men, but was found in 17 women (40%). Although individuals with a compromised iron status may be represented in substantial numbers in conventional reference populations, they can be readily identified using sTfR, ferritin, and TfR-F Index determinations. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

scholarly journals Serum transferrin receptor: a quantitative measure of tissue iron deficiency

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1870-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Skikne ◽  
CH Flowers ◽  
JD Cook
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Functional Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Tissue Iron

Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of serum transferrin receptor measurements in the assessment of iron status. Repeated phlebotomies were performed in 14 normal volunteer subjects to obtain varying degrees of iron deficiency. Serial measurements of serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, mean cell volume (MCV), free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), red cell mean index, serum ferritin, and serum transferrin receptor were performed throughout the phlebotomy program. There was no change in receptor levels during the phase of storage iron depletion. When the serum ferritin level reached subnormal values there was an increase in serum receptor levels, which continued throughout the phlebotomy program. Functional iron deficiency was defined as a reduction in body iron beyond the point of depleted iron stores. The serum receptor level was a more sensitive and reliable guide to the degree of functional iron deficiency than either the FEP or MCV. Our studies indicate that the serum receptor measurement is of particular value in identifying mild iron deficiency of recent onset. The iron status of a population can be fully assessed by using serum ferritin as a measure of iron stores, serum receptor as a measure of mild tissue iron deficiency, and hemoglobin concentration as a measure of advanced iron deficiency.

The Ratio of Serum Transferrin Receptor and Serum Ferritin in the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Young Children

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3746-3746
Author(s):  
EunSil Park ◽  
In-Suk Kim ◽  
JiHyun Seo ◽  
JaeYoung Lim ◽  
ChanHoo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The incidence of iron deficiency anaemia in 6∼24 month old infants due to increase in iron demand for growth spurt is reported ranged 10 to 40%. However this age group has a common acute illness such as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and other viral infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate that iron parameter and acute phase reactant are useful parameters in differentiating anaemia by infection from anemia by iron deficiency and the mixed anaemia of these. Among 6–24 months of the infants who visited Gyeongsang Univeristy Hospital for 7 years from 2000 to 2006, 131 infants were enrolled. Hemoglobin(Hb), serum ferritin(SF), serum transferrin receptor(STfR), C reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), prohepcidine were checked. The subgroup of anaemia of inflammation(AI) was defined as Hb &lt;11 g/dL and SF &gt;50 μg/L, the subgroup of iron deficiency anaemia(IDA) as Hb &lt;11 g/dL and SF &lt;12 μg/L and the normal group as Hb ≥11 and SF ≥12 μg/L. The mean STfR in the subgroup of AI, IDA and normal was 3.89(±2.64), 10.6(±4.95) and 3.96(±1.24), respectively. The mean STfR/Log SF of subgroup was 1.87(±1.55), 36.11(±71.5), 2.31(±0.97), respectively. The mean Log(STfR/SF) was statistically significant between 3 subgroup. All IDA group had Log(STfR/SF) &gt;2.55 whereas in all subjects classified as AI it was &lt;2.55, thus clearly separating two. The mean IL-6 of AI was significantly higher than IDA subgroup and the mean prohepcidine of AI was significantly lower than the normal group. Calculating Log(STfR/SF) is a useful criteria in classification of the iron status. Prohepcine has nothing to do with AI. Iron signal predominant over inflammatory signal in AI. The Mean(±SD) of STfR, STfR/LogSF, Log (TfR/SF), CRP, IL-6 and Prohepcidine in Subgroups. AI IDA Normal Same letters mean that are not significantly different (P &lt;0.05) AI, anaemia of inflammation; IDA, iron deficiency anaemia Subgroup(%) 33(25) 29(22) 69(53) Hg(g/dL) &lt;11 &lt;11 ≥11 SF(μg/L) &gt;50 &lt;12 ≥12 STfR mean(±SD) 3.89(2.64)a 10.6(4.95) b 3.96(1.24) a STfR/LogSF mean (±SD) 1.87(1.55) a 36.11(71.5) b 2.31(0.97) a Log (TfR/SF) mean(±SD) 1.30(0.56) a 3.29(0.43) b 1.76(0.43) c CRP mean(±SD) 28(39.2) a 7.6(9.6) b 17(28.0) a IL-6 mean(±SD) 6.1(10.5) a 2.0(6.3) b 4.78(11.3) c Prohepcidine mean(±SD) 204(70.5) a 234(144) a 301(120.6) b Fig.1. Log(TfR/SF) in the subgroup. AI, anaemia of inflammation; IDA, Iron deficiency anaemia. Dotted lines indicate the cut-off value at Log(TfR/SF)=2.55 Fig.1. Log(TfR/SF) in the subgroup. AI, anaemia of inflammation; IDA, Iron deficiency anaemia. Dotted lines indicate the cut-off value at Log(TfR/SF)=2.55

Serum Transferrin Receptor and Transferrin Receptor-Ferritin Index Identify Healthy Subjects With Subclinical Iron Deficits

Blood ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 2934-2939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauli Suominen ◽  
Kari Punnonen ◽  
Allan Rajamäki ◽  
Kerttu Irjala
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
American Society ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Despite the established utility of serum transferrin receptor (sTfR), serum ferritin, and the sTfR/log ferritin ratio (TfR-F Index) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency (ID) anemia, the numeric values of these parameters, which are indicative of subclinical ID, remain to be clearly defined. In this study, 65 apparently healthy nonanemic adults (22 men and 43 women) were treated with 3 months of oral iron supplementation to evaluate its effect on parameters reflecting iron status and to determine the prevalence of subclinical iron deficiency in apparently healthy adults. Significant supplementation-induced changes were observed in sTfR, ferritin, and TfR-F Index values in women, whereas in men, none of the studied parameters showed any significant change. Iron-deficient erythropoiesis (IDE) was not observed in men, but was found in 17 women (40%). Although individuals with a compromised iron status may be represented in substantial numbers in conventional reference populations, they can be readily identified using sTfR, ferritin, and TfR-F Index determinations. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

scholarly journals Methods to assess iron and iodine status

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (S3) ◽  
pp. S2-S9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor

Four methods are recommended for assessment of iodine nutrition: urinary iodine concentration, the goitre rate, and blood concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroglobulin. These indicators are complementary, in that urinary iodine is a sensitive indicator of recent iodine intake (days) and thyroglobulin shows an intermediate response (weeks to months), whereas changes in the goitre rate reflect long-term iodine nutrition (months to years). Spot urinary iodine concentrations are highly variable from day-to-day and should not be used to classify iodine status of individuals. International reference criteria for thyroid volume in children have recently been published and can be used for identifying even small goitres using thyroid ultrasound. Recent development of a dried blood spot thyroglobulin assay makes sample collection practical even in remote areas. Thyroid stimulating hormone is a useful indicator of iodine nutrition in the newborn, but not in other age groups. For assessing iron status, haemoglobin measurement alone has low specificity and sensitivity. Serum ferritin remains the best indicator of iron stores in the absence of inflammation. Measures of iron-deficient erythropoiesis include transferrin iron saturation and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin, but these often do not distinguish anaemia due to iron deficiency from the anaemia of chronic disease. The serum transferrin receptor is useful in this setting, but the assay requires standardization. In the absence of inflammation, a sensitive method to assess iron status is to combine the use of serum ferritin as a measure of iron stores and the serum transferrin receptor as a measure of tissue iron deficiency.

scholarly journals Usefulness of serum transferrin receptor and serum ferritin in diagnosis of iron deficiency in infancy

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Olivares ◽  
Tomás Walter ◽  
James D Cook ◽  
Eva Hertrampf ◽  
Fernando Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor

scholarly journals Serum transferrin receptor: a quantitative measure of tissue iron deficiency

Blood ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1870-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Skikne ◽  
CH Flowers ◽  
JD Cook
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Functional Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Tissue Iron

This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of serum transferrin receptor measurements in the assessment of iron status. Repeated phlebotomies were performed in 14 normal volunteer subjects to obtain varying degrees of iron deficiency. Serial measurements of serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, mean cell volume (MCV), free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), red cell mean index, serum ferritin, and serum transferrin receptor were performed throughout the phlebotomy program. There was no change in receptor levels during the phase of storage iron depletion. When the serum ferritin level reached subnormal values there was an increase in serum receptor levels, which continued throughout the phlebotomy program. Functional iron deficiency was defined as a reduction in body iron beyond the point of depleted iron stores. The serum receptor level was a more sensitive and reliable guide to the degree of functional iron deficiency than either the FEP or MCV. Our studies indicate that the serum receptor measurement is of particular value in identifying mild iron deficiency of recent onset. The iron status of a population can be fully assessed by using serum ferritin as a measure of iron stores, serum receptor as a measure of mild tissue iron deficiency, and hemoglobin concentration as a measure of advanced iron deficiency.

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