Integrated Water Resources Management in Water-scarce Regions: Water Harvesting, Groundwater Desalination and Water Reuse in Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 9781780407913
Author(s):  
Stefan Liehr ◽  
Johanna Kramm ◽  
Alexander Jokisch ◽  
Katharina Müller
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Scarce

Water reuse and integrated water resources management in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mujeriego ◽  
J. López
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Essential Components

Water reclamation and reuse have become essential components of water resources management in Vitoria-Gasteiz, by helping to overcome historical water deficits experienced by the city with respect to water allocations set in 1973 with the Metropolitan Area of Bilbao, for the conjunctive use of the Urrunaga-Ullibarri reservoirs system. By generating a reliable flow of 35,000° m3/day of high quality reclaimed water, the options available for integrated water resources management have widely expanded as to allow in-stream river flow substitution, agricultural irrigation, seasonal storage of reclaimed water, and more favorable flood control policies for the Urrunaga-Ullibarri reservoirs system. Those management options have been made possible thanks to the implementation of an extensive and elaborated water distribution and storage system (reuse component) that allows distribution of reclaimed water to 10,000 ha of farmland, seasonal storage in a 7 hm3 reservoir, partial substitution of in-stream river water, and the potential consideration of water augmentation in reservoirs. The continuous support and promotion by agricultural users, the excellent operation and maintenance records of the project, and its favorable economic features have been instrumental in assuring a wide acceptance of this innovative water management option, under the Vitoria-Gasteiz social, economic, geographical and water resources conditions.

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