Experience in non-conventional wastewater treatment techniques used in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
L. Felberova ◽  
J. Kucera ◽  
E. Mlejnska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Conventional Wastewater Treatment

Among the most common non-conventional wastewater treatment techniques used in the Czech Republic are waste stabilisation ponds (WSP), subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands (CW) and vertical flow groundfilters (GF). These extensive systems can be advantageously used for treatment of waters coming from sewerages where the ballast weighting commonly makes more than half of dry-weather flow. The monitoring was focused at 14 different extensive systems. Organics removal efficiencies were favourable (CW–82%; GF–88%); in the case of WSP only 57% due to the algal bloom. Total nitrogen removal efficiencies were 43 and 47% for WSP and GF; in the case of CW only 32% due to often occurring anaerobic conditions in filter beds. Total phosphorus removal efficiencies were 37, 35 and 22% for WSP, GF and CW, respectively. Often occurring problems are the ice-blockage of surface aerators at WSP during wintertimes, the pond duckweed-cover or the algal bloom at WSP during summers; a gradual colmatage of filter systems; and the oxygen deficiency in beds of subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands. Czech legal regulations do not allow treated wastewater disposal into underground waters. There is only an exception for individual family houses. Up to now, knowledge gained by monitoring of a village (which uses the infiltration upon a permission issued according to earlier legal regulations) have not shown an unacceptable groundwater quality deterioration into the infiltration areas.

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vymazal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Under Construction

The first constructed wetland (CW) for wastewater treatment was built in the Czech Republic in 1989. This recent survey shows that at the end of 1999 101 systems are in operation and several more are under construction. 95 CWs are designed with sub-surface horizontal flow, 6 systems are hybrid with a combination of vertical and horizontal flow beds. Most systems (56) were designed for the treatment of municipal and domestic sewage while 38 CWs were designed for the treatment of wastewater from combined sewer systems. The most commonly used size of vegetated beds is 1,001-2,500 m2 (31 systems) followed by the area between 51-250 m2 (19%). The area of vegetated bed of the largest system is 4,493 m2. Size distribution is quite evenly spread from very small systems (PE = 3 or 4) up to 1,000 PE. However, most systems (44) were sized to treat wastewater from sources between 101 and 500 PE. The most commonly used macrophyte is Common reed (Phragmites australis) which is used in 34 systems as a monotypic stand and in 44 systems in combination with other macrophytes, most frequently with Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) (31 systems) and cattails (Typha spp.) (8 systems).

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic the first 5 years experience

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vymazal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Inventory Survey

The first full-scale constructed wetland (CW) for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic was built in 1989. By the end of 1991 only three more CW had been put into operation. An inventory survey in 1994 revealed the presence of 41 constructed wetlands in operation or in building. All CW in the Czech Republic use the horizontal subsurface-flow configuration. With few exceptions, all systems have been designed for the secondary treatment of domestic or municipal sewage. The treatment area of vegetated beds ranges between 18 and 4493 m2 and population equivalent ranges between 4 and 1100. Common reed (Phragmites australis) is the most frequently used plant cover. The treatment efficiency is very high for organics (77–98% for BOD5, 59–91% for COD) and suspended solids (77–99%). The removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus varies widely among systems and is generally lower than 60%.

The review of non-conventional technologies applied in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wanner ◽  
E. Mlejnská
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Efficiency Comparison ◽  
Critical Moments

Non-conventional technologies are commonly used in the Czech Republic for wastewater treatment, especially for small municipalities (up to 500 PE). Three main types of non-conventional technologies are applied: stabilization ponds, soil filters and constructed wetlands. Within the research project of Czech Ministry of the Environment, authors have observed 14 localities for two or more years. In this article all three types of non-conventional technologies will be described. At the same time detailed results of the monitoring will be presented with the accent to treatment efficiency comparison of these technologies in parameters COD, BOD5, SS, NTOT and PTOT. Operational experiences of non-conventional technologies will also be described, especially critical moments which can negatively influence the treatment efficiency.

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