The review of non-conventional technologies applied in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wanner ◽  
E. Mlejnská
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Efficiency Comparison ◽  
Critical Moments

Non-conventional technologies are commonly used in the Czech Republic for wastewater treatment, especially for small municipalities (up to 500 PE). Three main types of non-conventional technologies are applied: stabilization ponds, soil filters and constructed wetlands. Within the research project of Czech Ministry of the Environment, authors have observed 14 localities for two or more years. In this article all three types of non-conventional technologies will be described. At the same time detailed results of the monitoring will be presented with the accent to treatment efficiency comparison of these technologies in parameters COD, BOD5, SS, NTOT and PTOT. Operational experiences of non-conventional technologies will also be described, especially critical moments which can negatively influence the treatment efficiency.

Experience in non-conventional wastewater treatment techniques used in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
L. Felberova ◽  
J. Kucera ◽  
E. Mlejnska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Conventional Wastewater Treatment

Among the most common non-conventional wastewater treatment techniques used in the Czech Republic are waste stabilisation ponds (WSP), subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands (CW) and vertical flow groundfilters (GF). These extensive systems can be advantageously used for treatment of waters coming from sewerages where the ballast weighting commonly makes more than half of dry-weather flow. The monitoring was focused at 14 different extensive systems. Organics removal efficiencies were favourable (CW–82%; GF–88%); in the case of WSP only 57% due to the algal bloom. Total nitrogen removal efficiencies were 43 and 47% for WSP and GF; in the case of CW only 32% due to often occurring anaerobic conditions in filter beds. Total phosphorus removal efficiencies were 37, 35 and 22% for WSP, GF and CW, respectively. Often occurring problems are the ice-blockage of surface aerators at WSP during wintertimes, the pond duckweed-cover or the algal bloom at WSP during summers; a gradual colmatage of filter systems; and the oxygen deficiency in beds of subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands. Czech legal regulations do not allow treated wastewater disposal into underground waters. There is only an exception for individual family houses. Up to now, knowledge gained by monitoring of a village (which uses the infiltration upon a permission issued according to earlier legal regulations) have not shown an unacceptable groundwater quality deterioration into the infiltration areas.

Dražovice reed beds and stabilisation pond wastewater treatment system: long-term operation and monitoring results

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rozkošný ◽  
P. Sedláček ◽  
J. Sova ◽  
R. Funková
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Mass Load

The aim of the paper is to present results of the ten years long monitoring of the treatment processes, efficiency and operation of a wastewater treatment plant combined mechanical pre-treatment, horizontal sub-surface flow reed beds and stabilisation pond as a final purification equipment. The treatment system was built in the Dražovice village (the Czech Republic, South Moravia Region) for 800 population equivalent (P.E.) in 1999. The constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface continual flow reed beds, as a main biological step of wastewater treatment, has been built and operated in the Czech Republic since 1990. In case of sources over 500 P.E., there is the legislative requirement for ammonia nitrogen sufficient removal in the Czech Republic. The monitored system represents a category of sources between 500 and 2000 P.E. with the higher treatment efficiency requirements. The plant has been monitored in detail since the start of operation in 1999. A detailed monitoring programme includes: wastewater flow measurement, water temperature and oxygen regime measurement, organic and nutrient pollution removal rate assessment, hydraulic characteristics of the reed bedś filtration medium. Results of the survey include treatment efficiency calculation, hydraulic and mass load assessment. The differences in the achieved efficiency are compared between vegetation and non-vegetation periods.

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic the first 5 years experience

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vymazal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Inventory Survey

The first full-scale constructed wetland (CW) for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic was built in 1989. By the end of 1991 only three more CW had been put into operation. An inventory survey in 1994 revealed the presence of 41 constructed wetlands in operation or in building. All CW in the Czech Republic use the horizontal subsurface-flow configuration. With few exceptions, all systems have been designed for the secondary treatment of domestic or municipal sewage. The treatment area of vegetated beds ranges between 18 and 4493 m2 and population equivalent ranges between 4 and 1100. Common reed (Phragmites australis) is the most frequently used plant cover. The treatment efficiency is very high for organics (77–98% for BOD5, 59–91% for COD) and suspended solids (77–99%). The removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus varies widely among systems and is generally lower than 60%.

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic - state of the art

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vymazal
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Inventory Survey

Constructed wetlands are an emerging technology in the Czech Republic. The inventory survey in 1993 revealed that since 1989 about 30 systems have been put into operation. The major reason for the inventory was to identify the main design criteria used in functional systems. It was found that all constructed wetlands are horizontal subsurface flow systems. The treatment area ranges between 20 and 6000 m2, population equivalent ranges between 4 and 1200. In most systems common reed (Phragmites australis) is used as a plant cover; other plants used are reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and American mannagrass (Glyceria maxima). As filtration media sand, gravel and their mixtures are used. The treatment efficiency is high in terms of BOD5, COD and suspended solids while removal of phosphorus and nitrogen is lower.

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