Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vymazal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Under Construction

The first constructed wetland (CW) for wastewater treatment was built in the Czech Republic in 1989. This recent survey shows that at the end of 1999 101 systems are in operation and several more are under construction. 95 CWs are designed with sub-surface horizontal flow, 6 systems are hybrid with a combination of vertical and horizontal flow beds. Most systems (56) were designed for the treatment of municipal and domestic sewage while 38 CWs were designed for the treatment of wastewater from combined sewer systems. The most commonly used size of vegetated beds is 1,001-2,500 m2 (31 systems) followed by the area between 51-250 m2 (19%). The area of vegetated bed of the largest system is 4,493 m2. Size distribution is quite evenly spread from very small systems (PE = 3 or 4) up to 1,000 PE. However, most systems (44) were sized to treat wastewater from sources between 101 and 500 PE. The most commonly used macrophyte is Common reed (Phragmites australis) which is used in 34 systems as a monotypic stand and in 44 systems in combination with other macrophytes, most frequently with Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) (31 systems) and cattails (Typha spp.) (8 systems).

Experience in non-conventional wastewater treatment techniques used in the Czech Republic

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
L. Felberova ◽  
J. Kucera ◽  
E. Mlejnska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Conventional Wastewater Treatment

Among the most common non-conventional wastewater treatment techniques used in the Czech Republic are waste stabilisation ponds (WSP), subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands (CW) and vertical flow groundfilters (GF). These extensive systems can be advantageously used for treatment of waters coming from sewerages where the ballast weighting commonly makes more than half of dry-weather flow. The monitoring was focused at 14 different extensive systems. Organics removal efficiencies were favourable (CW–82%; GF–88%); in the case of WSP only 57% due to the algal bloom. Total nitrogen removal efficiencies were 43 and 47% for WSP and GF; in the case of CW only 32% due to often occurring anaerobic conditions in filter beds. Total phosphorus removal efficiencies were 37, 35 and 22% for WSP, GF and CW, respectively. Often occurring problems are the ice-blockage of surface aerators at WSP during wintertimes, the pond duckweed-cover or the algal bloom at WSP during summers; a gradual colmatage of filter systems; and the oxygen deficiency in beds of subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands. Czech legal regulations do not allow treated wastewater disposal into underground waters. There is only an exception for individual family houses. Up to now, knowledge gained by monitoring of a village (which uses the infiltration upon a permission issued according to earlier legal regulations) have not shown an unacceptable groundwater quality deterioration into the infiltration areas.

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic the first 5 years experience

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vymazal
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Inventory Survey

The first full-scale constructed wetland (CW) for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic was built in 1989. By the end of 1991 only three more CW had been put into operation. An inventory survey in 1994 revealed the presence of 41 constructed wetlands in operation or in building. All CW in the Czech Republic use the horizontal subsurface-flow configuration. With few exceptions, all systems have been designed for the secondary treatment of domestic or municipal sewage. The treatment area of vegetated beds ranges between 18 and 4493 m2 and population equivalent ranges between 4 and 1100. Common reed (Phragmites australis) is the most frequently used plant cover. The treatment efficiency is very high for organics (77–98% for BOD5, 59–91% for COD) and suspended solids (77–99%). The removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus varies widely among systems and is generally lower than 60%.

A comparison of continuous flow and sequencing batch reactor plants concerning integrated operation of sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Simon ◽  
J. Wiese ◽  
H. Steinmetz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Integrated Operation

Integrated operation strategies for combined sewer and WWTP are becoming more and more popular because of numerous benefits. One can find many examples in literature, but many of these studies deal with partly fictitious systems and/or were accomplished within the planning. Hence most of these studies do not have to deal with the restrictions given by already built constructions. The authors, who worked on several integrated projects, will discuss the requirements of SBR and CFR plants concerning an implementation of integrated operation.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Sars-Cov-2 Occurrence in Wastewater in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Mlejnkova ◽  
Katerina Sovova ◽  
Petra Vasickova ◽  
Vera Ocenaskova ◽  
Lucie Jasikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The virus SARS-CoV-2, which has caused the recent COVID-19 pandemic, may be present in the stools of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we aimed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. Samples of untreated wastewater were collected from 33 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of different sizes within the Czech Republic. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was concentrated from wastewater and viral RNA was determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 11.6% of samples and more than 27.3% of WWTPs; in some of them, SARS-CoV-2 was detected repeatedly. Our preliminary results indicate that an epidemiology approach that focuses on the determination of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater could be suitable for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in the population.

Performances of three R-AN-D-N wastewater treatment plants in the Czech Republic

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Bejvl ◽  
P. Matuška ◽  
J. Stara ◽  
P. Chudoba
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency

The evolution of Czech standards requires higher efficiency of nutrient removal from municipal wastewaters. At the beginning of the last decade of 20th century, a new activated sludge configuration called R-AN-D-N process has been described, successfully tested and now largely used at several wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in the Czech republic. The main feature of the R-AN-D-N process is the introduction of a regeneration zone in sludge recycle, which enables to increase sludge age in the system without any substantial increase in WWTP volume. Performances of three Czech large WWTP with R-AN-D-N configuration have been monitored and compared within a period of one and a half years. The results confirmed excellent nutrient removal efficiency for wastewaters with different proportion between sewage and industrial effluents. Two of three monitored WWTP received wastewaters from breweries (Budweiser and Pilsner Urquell). The settleability of activated sludge from all three WWTP was correct, with SVI values usually ranging from 50 to 150 ml/g. Monitoring of sludge composition indicated proliferation of several filamentous bacteria, particularly types 0581, 0092 and M. parvicella. No severe bulking events were observed. Finally, the operational costs expressed in CZK (Czech crown: 1CZK = €0.0322) per cubic metre of treated sewage or per capita amounts respectively from 2.24 to 6.52, and from 285 to 342.

Dražovice reed beds and stabilisation pond wastewater treatment system: long-term operation and monitoring results

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rozkošný ◽  
P. Sedláček ◽  
J. Sova ◽  
R. Funková
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Mass Load

The aim of the paper is to present results of the ten years long monitoring of the treatment processes, efficiency and operation of a wastewater treatment plant combined mechanical pre-treatment, horizontal sub-surface flow reed beds and stabilisation pond as a final purification equipment. The treatment system was built in the Dražovice village (the Czech Republic, South Moravia Region) for 800 population equivalent (P.E.) in 1999. The constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface continual flow reed beds, as a main biological step of wastewater treatment, has been built and operated in the Czech Republic since 1990. In case of sources over 500 P.E., there is the legislative requirement for ammonia nitrogen sufficient removal in the Czech Republic. The monitored system represents a category of sources between 500 and 2000 P.E. with the higher treatment efficiency requirements. The plant has been monitored in detail since the start of operation in 1999. A detailed monitoring programme includes: wastewater flow measurement, water temperature and oxygen regime measurement, organic and nutrient pollution removal rate assessment, hydraulic characteristics of the reed bedś filtration medium. Results of the survey include treatment efficiency calculation, hydraulic and mass load assessment. The differences in the achieved efficiency are compared between vegetation and non-vegetation periods.

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