scholarly journals Resistivity-Microstructure Relationships in Nickel Base Superalloys Used in Gas Turbine Engines for Power Generation and as Interconnects in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario A. Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloys ◽  
Nickel Base

Exergetic Performance Analysis of a Gas Turbine Cycle Integrated With Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Dincer ◽  
Marc A. Rosen ◽  
Calin Zamfirescu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

Energy and exergy assessments are reported of integrated power generation using solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with internal reforming and a gas turbine cycle. The gas turbine inlet temperature is fixed at 1573 K and the high-temperature turbine exhaust heats the natural gas and air inputs, and generates pressurized steam. The steam mixes at the SOFC stack inlet with natural gas to facilitate the reformation process. The integration of solid oxide fuel cells with gas turbines increases significantly the power generation efficiency relative to separate processes and reduces greatly the exergy loss due to combustion, which is the most irreversible process in the system. The other main exergy destruction is attributable to electrochemical fuel oxidation in the SOFC. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated system reach 70–80%, which compares well to the efficiencies of approximately 55% typical of conventional combined-cycle power generation systems. Variations in the energy and exergy efficiencies of the integrated system with operating conditions are provided, showing, for example, that SOFC efficiency is enhanced if the fuel cell active area is augmented. The SOFC stack efficiency can be maximized by reducing the steam generation while increasing the stack size, although such measures imply a significant and nonproportional cost rise. Such measures must be implemented cautiously, as a reduction in steam generation decreases the steam/methane ratio at the anode inlet, which may increase the risk of catalyst coking. A detailed assessment of an illustrative example highlights the main results.

Gas Turbine Cycles With Solid Oxide Fuel Cells—Part II: A Detailed Study of a Gas Turbine Cycle With an Integrated Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Harvey ◽  
H. J. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel

In conventional energy conversion processes, the fuel combustion is usually highly irreversible, and is thus responsible for the low overall efficiency of the power generation process. The energy conversion efficiency can be improved if immediate contact of air and fuel is prevented. One means to prevent this immediate contact is the use of fuel cell technology. Significant research is currently being undertaken to develop fuel cells for large-scale power production. High-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have many features that make them attractive for utility and industrial applications. However, in view of their high operating temperatures and the incomplete nature of the fuel oxidation process, such fuel cells must be combined with conventional power generation technology to develop power plant configurations that are both functional and efficient. Most fuel cell cycles proposed in the literature use a high-temperature fuel cell running at ambient pressure and a steam bottoming cycle to recover the waste heat generated by the fuel cell. With such cycles, the inherent flexibility and shorter start-up time characteristics of the fuel cell are lost. In Part I of this paper (Harvey and Richter, 1994), a pressurized cycle using a solid oxide fuel cell and an integrated gas turbine bottoming cycle was presented. The cycle is simpler than most cycles with steam bottoming cycles and more suited to flexible power generation. In this paper, we will discuss this cycle in more detail, with an in-depth discussion of all cycle component characteristics and losses. In particular, we will make use of the fuel cell’s internal fuel reforming capability. The optimal cycle parameters were obtained based on calculations performed using Aspen Technology’s ASPEN PLUS process simulation software and a fuel cell simulator developed by Argonne National Laboratory (Ahmed et al., 1991). The efficiency of the proposed cycle is 68.1 percent. A preliminary economic assessment of the cycle shows that it should compare favorably with a state-of-the-art combined cycle plant on a cost per MWe basis.

Gas Turbine Cycles With Solid Oxide Fuel Cells—Part I: Improved Gas Turbine Power Plant Efficiency by Use of Recycled Exhaust Gases and Fuel Cell Technology

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Harvey ◽  
H. J. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle

In conventional energy conversion processes, the fuel combustion is usually highly irreversible, and is thus responsible for the low overall efficiency of the power generation process. The energy conversion efficiency of the combustion process can be improved if immediate contact of fuel and oxygen is prevented and an oxygen carrier is used. In a previous paper (Harvey et al., 1992), a gas turbine cycle was investigated in which part of the exhaust gases—consisting mainly of CO2, H2O, and N2—are recycled and used as oxygen-carrying components. For the optimized process, a theoretical thermal efficiency of 66.3 percent was achieved, based on the lower heating value (LHV) of the methane fuel. A detailed second-law analysis of the cycle revealed that, although the exergy losses associated with the fuel oxidation were significantly less than those associated with conventional direct fuel combustion methods, these losses were still a major contributor to the overall losses of the system. One means to further improve the exergetic efficiency of a power cycle is to utilize fuel cell technology. Significant research is currently being undertaken to develop fuel cells for large-scale power production. High-efficiency fuel cells currently being investigated use high-temperature electrolytes, such as molten carbonates (~ 650°C) and solid oxides (usually doped zirconia, ~1000°C). Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have many features that make them attractive for utility and industrial applications. In this paper, we will therefore consider SOFC technology. In view of their high operating temperatures and the incomplete nature of the fuel oxidation process, fuel cells must be combined with conventional power generation technology to develop power plant configurations that are both functional and efficient. In this paper, we will show how monolithic SOFC (MSOFC) technology may be integrated into the previously described gas turbine cycle using recycled exhaust gases as oxygen carriers. An optimized cycle configuration will be presented based upon a detailed cycle analysis performed using Aspen Plus™ process simulation software (Aspen Technology, 1991) and a MSOFC fuel cell simulator developed by Argonne National Labs (Ahmed et al., 1991). The optimized cycle achieves a theoretical thermal efficiency of 77.7 percent, based on the LHV of the fuel.

Thermodynamic model and analysis of hybrid power installations built around solid-oxide fuel cells and gas-turbine units

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 790-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Grigor’yants ◽  
V. I. Zalkind ◽  
P. P. Ivanov ◽  
D. A. Lyalin ◽  
V. I. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Power Installations

Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells in Power Generation Applications: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech M. Budzianowski ◽  
Jaroslaw Milewski
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel
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