scholarly journals A First Look at WAMS Data via the Read Code

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wendelberger
Keyword(s):  
Read Code

Development of the Read Code Thesaurus for community nursing

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Barry Thirkettle
Keyword(s):  
Community Nursing ◽  
Read Code

Programming Crash Course for Composers

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-212
Author(s):  
Noah Kellman
Keyword(s):  
Read Code ◽  
Learning Game ◽  
Scripting Language

This chapter serves as a concise, understandable introduction to programming concepts, with a focus on principles useful specifically to someone planning to integrate music or sound into a game. When learning game audio as a field, it is far too easy to skip over basic programming principles that should be part of any game music composer’s foundation. Intricate details of programing basics are not the focus of this chapter, but rather general concepts that are essential for understanding how a programmer thinks and being able to read code in a scripting language such as C#. These general concepts are then applied through audio-specific demonstrations using C#.

scholarly journals Concomitant diagnosis of asthma and COPD: a quantitative study in UK primary care

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (676) ◽  
pp. e775-e782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Nissen ◽  
Daniel R Morales ◽  
Hana Mullerova ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
Ian J Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Read Code ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundAsthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share many characteristics and symptoms, and the differential diagnosis between the two diseases can be difficult in primary care. This study explored potential overlap between both diseases in a primary care environment.AimTo quantify how commonly patients with COPD have a concomitant diagnosis of asthma, and how commonly patients with asthma have a concomitant diagnosis of COPD in UK primary care. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the extent of possible misdiagnosis and missed opportunities for diagnosis.Design and settingPatients with validated asthma and patients with validated COPD in primary care were identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in separate validation studies, and the diseases were confirmed by review of GP questionnaires.MethodThe prevalence of concurrent asthma and COPD in validated cases of either disease was examined based on CPRD coding, GP questionnaires, and requested additional information.ResultsIn total, 400 patients with COPD and 351 patients with asthma in primary care were identified. Of the patients with validated asthma, 15% (n = 52) had previously received a diagnostic COPD Read code, although COPD was only likely in 14.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.3 to 19.0) of patients with validated asthma. More than half (52.5%, n = 210) of patients with validated COPD had previously received a diagnostic asthma Read code. However, when considering additional evidence to support a diagnosis of asthma, concurrent asthma was only likely in 14.5% (95% CI = 11.2 to 18.3) of patients with validated COPD.ConclusionA concurrent asthma and COPD diagnosis appears to affect a relative minority of patients with COPD (14.5%) or asthma (14.8%). Asthma diagnosis may be over-recorded in people with COPD.

P0671THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HYPERKALAEMIA RISK AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL COMORBIDITIES IN A LARGE REAL-WORLD COHORT OF CKD PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Hoskin ◽  
Karolina Badora ◽  
Phil McEwan ◽  
Daniel Sugrue ◽  
Lei Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Real World ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Read Code ◽  
Crude Incidence Rate ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background and Aims Approximately 275.9 million people globally and 5.6 million people in the UK are living with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of hyperkalaemia (HK) is elevated in CKD due to renal impairment and may increase further upon treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, which are commonly used in many cardiovascular and renal conditions. This study aimed to assess the relationship between comorbidity burden and HK risk in a large cohort of UK CKD patients. Method Primary and secondary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and linked Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) were used to identify patients aged ≥18 years who had a diagnosis of stage 3+ CKD (identified as either a READ code for non-dialysis CKD stage 3+ or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 without a prior READ code for dialysis) during the study period (2008–June 2018) or the five-year look-back period (2003–2007). Patient’s index date was 1st January 2008 or the first date of CKD diagnosis, whichever occurred later. Diagnoses based on the presence of READ codes were used to define the accumulation of further cardiovascular or renal comorbidities of interest (resistant hypertension, heart failure, diabetes or dialysis-dependent CKD). The incidence of HK was defined as serum potassium (K+) thresholds of ≥5.0, ≥5.5 and ≥6.0 mmol/L. Results In total, 297,702 eligible patients had a CKD diagnosis during the study or look back periods and their mean follow-up was 5.6 (SD 3.2) years from index date. At baseline, mean age was 74.7 (11.3) years, mean body mass index was 28.3 (5.9) kg/m2, and 58.6% of patients were female. CKD was the first diagnosis in 169,532 patients (56.9% of all CKD diagnoses), second diagnosis in 92,651 patients (31.1%), third in 32,606 patients (11.0%) and fourth or fifth in 2,913 patients (1.0%); however, only 11,129 CKD patients (3.74%) developed four or more comorbidities of interest. In total, 1.5% of the cohort (4,544 patients) progressed to dialysis and 29.6% (88,245 patients) died during the study period. In general, the incidence of HK increased with the number of comorbidities of interest (Figure 1). At a K+ threshold of ≥5.0 mmol/L, crude incidence rate of HK was 286.5 (95% CI: 285.2–287.8) per 1,000 patient-years in patients with CKD only; this increased 2.8-fold to 806.8 (741.5–876.4) in patients with five comorbidities of interest. A similar trend was observed at K+ thresholds of ≥5.5 mmol/L and ≥6.0 mmol/L. A 5.9 fold increase was observed in crude incidence rate of HK (from 59.7 [59.1–60.3] with CKD only, to 350.3 [307.7–397.1] with all five comorbidities) at a threshold of ≥5.5 mmol/L and a 10.6-fold increase (from 9.1 [8.9–9.4] to 96.2 [74.6–122.2]) at the ≥6.0 mmol/L threshold. Conclusion This assessment of a large real-world patient cohort showed that the risk of HK in patients with CKD increases with the number of cardiovascular or renal comorbidities. Emphasis should be put on effective prevention and treatment of HK in CKD, especially in patients with high comorbidity burden.

P0469VALIDATING THE DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY IN THE HEALTH IMPROVEMENT NETWORK (THIN) DATABASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseanna Wheatley ◽  
Patrick Hamilton ◽  
Kieran Blaikie ◽  
Anirudh Rao ◽  
Durga Kanigicherla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Read Code ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Health Improvement Network ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Read Codes ◽  
Electronic Medical Record Database

Abstract Background and Aims Membranous nephropathy (MN) is among the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults worldwide. Despite this, there is currently no robust data on the epidemiology of MN in the UK population. The Health Improvement Network (THIN) is an electronic medical record database that holds longitudinal anonymised patient records for over 17 million patients and has shown to be generalisable to the UK regarding demographics and crude prevalence’s of major conditions. To our knowledge, accuracy of the read codes for glomerular disease is yet to be validated. This will be the first study into MN validating the diagnostic accuracy using the THIN database. Method THIN database was interrogated for patients with MN using read codes. Two cohorts were considered: Definite cohort, defined as read codes expected to correspond to a diagnosis of MN, and Probable cohort, defined as read codes that could correspond to a diagnosis of MN. In order to confirm the diagnosis of MN, a short questionnaire was sent to the GP practice of a randomly selected cohort of patients asking if the diagnosis of MN was correct, and that the diagnosis had been confirmed by a specialist renal centre, with or without a renal biopsy. Results 267 patients with a record of MN were identified from the THIN database. 235 of the patients had Definite cohort read codes, with a mean age at diagnosis of 57 years. There were 155 (66.2%) male and 79 (33.8%) female patients. 32 patients were identified in the Probable cohort. GP questionnaires were sent to 71 randomly selected patients with 61 responses (85.9% response rate). This represented 23% (n=53) of the total Definite cohort and 25% (n=8) of the total Probable cohort. Of the 61 returned questionnaires, an MN diagnosis was confirmed in 96% (n=51) of patients with a definite read code and 25% (n=2) with a probable read code. Amongst the confirmed MN diagnoses in the Definite cohort, 88% (n=45) of the patients had primary MN. Conclusion The THIN database is a valid data resource for studying MN in patients with a read code from the Definite cohort list. Read codes from the Probable cohort list cannot be used unless confirmed on a case by case basis such as through the GP. The results of this study will feed into a larger project with an aim to describe accurately the epidemiology of MN in the UK population, and report the incidence and prevalence of specific secondary associations of MN. Once these factors are fully understood, diagnostic and care pathways for MN can be developed.

scholarly journals Identifying people with a learning disability: an advanced search for general practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (665) ◽  
pp. e842-e850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M Russell ◽  
Louise Bryant ◽  
Allan House
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Read Code ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Code Search ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Large Numbers

BackgroundPeople with learning disabilities (LD) have poor physical and mental health when compared with the general population. They are also likely to find it more difficult than others to describe their symptoms adequately. It is therefore harder for healthcare workers to identify the health needs of those with learning disabilities, with the danger of some problems being left unrecognised. Practice registers record only a proportion of those who are eligible, making it difficult to target improvements in their health care.AimTo test a Read Code search supporting the identification of people with a mild-to-moderate learning disability who are not currently on the learning disability register.Design and settingAn observational study in primary care in West Yorkshire.MethodRead Code searches were created to identify individuals with a learning disability not on the LD register; they were field tested and further refined before testing in general practice.ResultsDiagnostic codes identified small numbers of individuals who should have been on the LD register. Functional and service use codes often created large numbers of false-positive results. The specific descriptive codes ‘Learning difficulties’ and ‘Referral to learning disability team’ needed follow-up review, and then identified some individuals with LD who were not on the register.ConclusionThe Read Code search supported practices to populate their registers and was quick to run and review, making it a viable choice to support register revalidation. However, it did not find large numbers of people eligible for the LD register who were previously unidentified by their practice, suggesting that additional complementary methods are required to support practices to validate their registers.

Hand Surgery Coding and Classification

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-684
Author(s):  
A. MACEY ◽  
C. KELLY ◽  
O. BRADY ◽  
F. BURKE
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Read Code ◽  
Code System ◽  
Service Centre

The development of codes for hand surgery as part of the Read Code System is described. A lexicon of clinical terms and surgery has been developed, and will shortly be available from the National Health Service Centre for Coding and Classification in Loughborough, UK.

Diabetic patients' records are missing the C10 Read code

BMJ ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 326 (7399) ◽  
pp. 0-e-0
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Read Code

Measurement of Compression of the Modified READ Code II.

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schaphorst ◽  
Stephen Urban
Keyword(s):  
Read Code
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