scholarly journals A 4-Dimensional Human Genome Project: Accelerating the Next Generation of Biological Discovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karissa Sanbonmatsu ◽  
Shawn Starkenburg

2011 ◽  
pp. 51-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Stein

The 1953 discovery of the DNA double-helical structure by James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin, represented one of the most significant advances in the biomedical world (Watson and Crick 1953; Maddox 2003). Almost half a century after this landmark event, in February 2001, the initial draft sequences of the human genome were published (Lander et al., 2001; Venter et al., 2001) and, in April 2003, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported the completion of the Human Genome Project, a massive international collaborative endeavor that started in 1990 and is thought to represent the most ambitious undertaking in the history of biology (Collins et al., 2003; Thangadurai, 2004; National Human Genome Research Institute). The Human Genome Project provided a plethora of genetic and genomic information that significantly changed our perspectives on biomedical and social sciences. The sequencing of the first human genome was a 13-year, 2.7-billion-dollar effort that relied on the automated Sanger (dideoxy or chain termination) method, which was developed in 1977, around the same time as the Maxam-Gilbert (chemical) sequencing, and subsequently became the most frequently used approach for several decades (Sanger et al., 1975; Maxam & Gilbert, 1977; Sanger et al., 1977). The new generations of DNA sequencing technologies, known as next-generation (second generation) and next-next-generation (third generation) sequencing, which started to be commercialized in 2005, enabled the cost-effective sequencing of large chromosomal regions during progressively shorter time frames, and opened the possibility for new applications, such as the sequencing of single-cell genomes (Service, 2006; Blow, 2008; Morozova and Marra, 2008; Metzker, 2010).







Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Ryuji Hamamoto

The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003 by an international consortium, is considered one of the most important achievements for mankind in the 21st century [...]



1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
BELINDA J. F. ROSSITER ◽  
C THOMAS CASKEY




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