scholarly journals RNA Detection and Subtype C Assessment of HIV-1 in Infants with Diarrhea in Ethiopia

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Workenesh Ayele ◽  
Tsehai Assefa ◽  
Sileshi Lulseged ◽  
Belete Tegbaru ◽  
Hiwot Berhanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Established Infection

In the absence of chemoprophylaxis, HIV-1 transmission occurs in 13-42% of infants born to HIV-1 positive mothers. All exposed infants acquire maternal HIV-1 antibodies that persist for up to 15 months, thereby hampering diagnosis. In resource limited settings, clinical symptoms are the indices of established infection against validated laboratorybased markers. Here we enrolled 1200 children hospitalized for diarrheal and other illnesses. 20-25% of those tested, aged 15 months or younger, were found to be HIV-1-seropositive. Where sufficient plasma was available, HIV-1 RNA detection was performed using a subtype-insensitive assay, with 71.1% of seropositive infants presenting with diarrhea showing positive. From sub-typing analysis, we identified that viruses of the C’ sub-cluster were predominated amongst infants. Although this study may overestimate the HIV-1 frequency through testing symptomatic infants, diarrhea can be seen as a useful marker indicating HIV-1 infection in infants less than 15 months old.

scholarly journals E138A in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is more common in subtype C than B: Implications for rilpivirine use in resource-limited settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Sluis-Cremer ◽  
Michael R. Jordan ◽  
Kelly Huber ◽  
Carole L. Wallis ◽  
Silvia Bertagnolio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping in Resource Limited Settings: Current and Future Perspectives in Sequencing Technologies

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Sontaga Manyana ◽  
Lilishia Gounder ◽  
Melendhran Pillay ◽  
Justen Manasa ◽  
Kogieleum Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv 1

Affordable, sensitive, and scalable technologies are needed for monitoring antiretroviral treatment (ART) success with the goal of eradicating HIV-1 infection. This review discusses use of Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing (NGS) methods for HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) genotyping, focusing on their use in resource limited settings (RLS). Sanger sequencing remains the gold-standard method for detecting HIVDR mutations of clinical relevance but is mainly limited by high sequencing costs and low-throughput. NGS is becoming a more common sequencing method, with the ability to detect low-abundance drug-resistant variants and reduce per sample costs through sample pooling and massive parallel sequencing. However, use of NGS in RLS is mainly limited by infrastructure costs. Given these shortcomings, our review discusses sequencing technologies for HIVDR genotyping, focusing on common in-house and commercial assays, challenges with Sanger sequencing in keeping up with changes in HIV-1 treatment programs, as well as challenges with NGS that limit its implementation in RLS and in clinical diagnostics. We further discuss knowledge gaps and offer recommendations on how to overcome existing barriers for implementing HIVDR genotyping in RLS, to make informed clinical decisions that improve quality of life for people living with HIV.

scholarly journals Direct Viral RNA Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV in Inactivated Samples by Real-Time RT-qPCR: Implications for Diagnosis in Resource Limited Settings with Flavivirus Co-Circulation

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Zhan Qiu Mao ◽  
Mizuki Fukuta ◽  
Jean Claude Balingit ◽  
Thi Thanh Ngan Nguyen ◽  
Co Thach Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Starting Point

The RT-qPCR method remains the gold standard and first-line diagnostic method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and flaviviruses, especially in the early stage of viral infection. Rapid and accurate viral detection is a starting point in the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic and flavivirus outbreaks. However, the shortage of diagnostic reagents and supplies, especially in resource-limited countries that experience co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and flaviviruses, are limitations that may result in lesser availability of RT-qPCR-based diagnostic tests. In this study, the utility of RNA-free extraction methods was assessed for the direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV-2 in heat-inactivated or chemical-inactivated samples. The findings demonstrate that direct real-time RT-qPCR is a feasible option in comparison to conventional real-time RT-qPCR based on viral genome extraction-based methods. The utility of heat-inactivation and direct real-time RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2, DENV-2 viral RNA detection was demonstrated by using clinical samples of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV-2 and spiked cell culture samples of SARS-CoV-2 and DENV-2. This study provides a simple alternative workflow for flavivirus and SARS-CoV-2 detection that includes heat inactivation and viral RNA extraction-free protocols, with aims to reduce the risk of exposure during processing of SARS-CoV-2 biological specimens and to overcome the supply-chain bottleneck, particularly in resource limited settings with flavivirus co-circulation.

scholarly journals An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

10.3791/51242 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justen Manasa ◽  
Siva Danaviah ◽  
Sureshnee Pillay ◽  
Prevashinee Padayachee ◽  
Hloniphile Mthiyane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Wentzel Dowling ◽  
Kirsten Veldsman ◽  
Mary Grace Katusiime ◽  
Jean Maritz ◽  
Peter Bock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Low cost HIV-1 quantitative RT-PCR assay in resource-limited settings: Improvement and implementation

2012 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzania Fibriani ◽  
Nadya Farah ◽  
Inri Kusumadewi ◽  
Suzan D. Pas ◽  
Reinout van Crevel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv 1
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document