scholarly journals Environmental crisis in José Saramago`s fiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria do Carmo Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Jose Saramago

José Saramago, vencedor do Prémio Nobel da Literatura em 1998, foi um dos mais acutilantes críticos da atualidade europeia nos domínios de crises económicas, políticas, sociais e ambientais. A última, a crise ambiental e as suas implicações e consequências, foi submetida a um atento e profundo escrutínio em narrativas ficcionais e não ficcionais de Saramago, tais como Os Cadernos de Lanzarote (1994) e A Caverna (2000). Neste ensaio, analiso a perspetiva multifacetada de Saramago sobre a crise ambiental em A Caverna. Em primeiro lugar, mostrarei que um espaço crucial do romance, a ironicamente chamada “Cintura Verde”, é na realidade um lugar sujo e monótono, tornando a expressão oximórica. De seguida, comentarei brevemente as configurações deturpadas do Centro circundado pela Cintura Verde enquanto lugar onde fenómenos e processos naturais, tais como a chuva e a neve, são apenas artificialmente construídos. Examino depois o impacto significativo da mudança climática nas vidas das personagens do romance. Por fim, considero a possibilidade de que os pontos de vista do autor sobre a crise climática se expandam a outras obras ficcionais e não ficcionais.

The Political and Aesthetic Power of the Everyday in Beckett's Happy Days

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Julie Bates
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Last Man ◽  
Second World

Happy Days is contemporaneous with a number of seminal contributions to the concept of the everyday in postwar France. This essay suggests that the increasingly constrained verbal and physical routines performed by its protagonist Winnie constitute a portrait of the everyday, and goes on to trace the affinities between Beckett's portrait and several formulations of the concept, with particular emphasis on the pronounced gendering of the everyday in many of these theories. The essay suggests the aerial bombings of the Second World War and methods of torture during the Algerian War as potential influences for Beckett's play, and draws a comparison with Marlen Haushofer's 1963 novel The Wall, which reimagines the Romantic myth of The Last Man as The Last Woman. It is significant, however, that the cataclysmic event that precedes the events of Happy Days remains unnamed. This lack of specificity, I suggest, is constitutive of the menace of the play, and has ensured that the political as well as aesthetic power of Happy Days has not dated. Indeed, the everyday of its sentinel figure posted in a blighted landscape continues to articulate the fears of audiences, for whom the play may resonate today as a staging of twenty-first century anxiety about environmental crisis. The essay concludes that in Happy Days we encounter an isolated female protagonist who contrives from scant material resources and habitual bodily rhythms a shelter within a hostile environment, who generates, in other words, an everyday despite the shattering of the social and temporal framework that conventionally underpin its formation. Beckett's play in this way demonstrates the political as well as aesthetic power of the everyday in a time of crisis.

Green Statehood and Environmental Crisis

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
John Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Crisis

A Scientific World-View of Nature and Environmental Problem with a Special Concentration on Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s Understanding of Environmental Sustainability (Perspektif Sains terhadap Krisis Alam dan Persekitaran: Pemikiran Seyyed Hossein Nasr tentan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-328
Author(s):  
Md. Abu Sayem
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
World View ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
World Views ◽  
Renaissance Humanism ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
European Renaissance

The present paper attempts to expose how the scientific world-view of nature contributes to the present environmental crisis. Alongside this, it relates European Renaissance, humanism, secularism, the scientific and industrial revolutions, modern philosophy, scientism, technology-based modern life, consumerism-based modern society, etc. with current environmental problems. By focusing on Nasr’s traditional understanding of nature, the paper explores how materialistic and mechanistic world-views are deeply connected with the present ecological crisis. It also offers a critical analysis of Nasr’s spiritual and religious world-view of nature and examines its relevance. In doing so, it aims to highlight some demerits of the present world-view, and to call to reform current perceptions of nature by revitalizing traditional wisdom in order to protect the environment from further degradation. Thus, the paper is scholarly addition to the ongoing discourse on the issue of religions and the environment. Keywords: Eco-theology, Environmental Degradation, Materialistic and Mechanistic Views of Nature, Scientism, Spiritual Crisis of Modern humans, Religious and Spiritual World-Views.   Abstrak Kertas kajian ini menerangkan bagaimana pandangan saintifik telah menyumbang kepada krisis alam sekitar semasa. Disamping itu, kertas ini akan menhubungkaitkan Gerakan Revolusi Humanisma di Eropah, sekularisme, revolusi  sains dan perindustrian, falsafah moden, saintisme, kehidupan moden yang berasaskan teknologi, masyarakat moden yang berasaskan consumerisme, etc. dengan krisis alam sekitar yang berlaku dewasa ini.  Dengan memahami pandangan Nasr terhadap alam sekitar, kertas ini akan merungkai bagaimana pandangan materialistik (kebendaan) dan mekanistik mempengaruhi krisis ekologi masa kini. Ia juga akan menganalisa pandangan spiritual dan agama Nasr terhadap alam sekitar secara kritikal dan akan menilai sejauh mana kesesuaiannya. Dengan sedemikian dapat menyedarkan manusia tentang kecacatan pandangan semasa, yang kemudiannya akan membawa kepada pembaharuan persepsi mereka terhadap alam sekitar dengan cara menghidupkan semula nilai-nilai tradisional demi mengelakkan kemerosotan alam sekitar. Kertas ini akan memuatkan idea-idea para cendiakawan dalam membincangkan isu  berkaitan agama dan alam sekitar. Kata Kunci: Eko-Teologi, Kemerosotan Alam Sekitar, Pandangan Materialistik dan Makanistik terhadap Alam, Saintisme, Krisis Spiritual Manusia Moden, Perspektif Spiritual dan Agama.

Religião entre mistério e alteridade – uma leitura de O conto da ilha desconhecida de José Saramago

Sacrilegens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Danilo Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Jose Saramago

Fazemos neste artigo uma leitura de O conto da ilha desconhecida em três passos: a) percebendo a permissão pelo mistério entre a incompletude da ciência e a presença do inominável; b) experimentando a religião enquanto alteridade; c) clareando a tensão entre terra prometida e terra permitida. Aqui, as principais referências para nossa leitura são Derrida e Lévinas, justamente por serem pensadores que fundam ontologias frente ao desconhecido (seja o inominável ou o outro). A partir dessa leitura podemos dialogar com o tema do mistério enquanto meio para fora de um si mesmo, mas, simultaneamente, como fim em si mesmo. Isso fica claro, sobretudo, no último passo, no qual a ilha desconhecida se transforma em barco, fornecendo riquíssimas possibilidades interpretativas. Salientamos que a religião só pode ser, de fato, objeto de estudo enquanto ela é busca pelo mistério e não o encontro com ele. Por fim, apresentamos uma breve incursão na teoria da religião aproximando o conto do conceito de mística em Rubem Alves. Dessa forma procuramos contribuir com a epistemologia dos estudos de religião, na medida em que postulamos para eles critérios básicos e com a teoria da religião que a compreende entre mistério e alteridade.

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