scholarly journals Resistencia de maderas tratadas térmicamente al ataque de Nasutitermes corniger en ensayos de preferencia de alimento

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
Pedro Gutemberg De Alcântara Segundinho ◽  
Allan Ewerton Rezende Euflosino ◽  
Marcio Rogério Da Silva ◽  
Carlito Calil Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Nasutitermes Corniger ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermal treatment on the resistance of Corymbia citriodora and Pinus taeda woods to the xylophagous termite Nasutitermescorniger, in a food preference test. We used temperatures of 100 °C (control), 160 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C, 220 °C, 240 °C for both wood species, and 260 °C only for Pinus taeda. Three wood planks measuring 6 cm x 16 cm x 56 cm (thickness x width x length) were thermally treated and manufactured in specimens of 10.0 cm x 2.54 cm x 0.64 cm (longitudinal x radial x tangential). Specimens were distributed in randomized blocks, with six treatments (Corymbia citriodora) and seven treatments (Pinus taeda) with 10 repetitions in a 250 liters box with 10 cm of sand; specimens were inserted in the sand, up to 1/3 of their height. The test was maintained for 45 days under laboratory conditions (25 °C ± 2 °C and 65% ± 5% relative humidity). Temperatures of 220 °C and 240 °C slightly improved the resistance of Corymbia citriodora wood to the termite. Improvements on Pinus taeda wood happened at temperatures of 240 °C and 260 °C. The temperatures of 160 °C for the eucalyptus wood and 200 °C for pinus decreased their resistance to the tested termite.Resistencia de maderas tratadas térmicamente al ataque de Nasutitermes corniger en ensayos de preferencia de alimentoEl objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del proceso de modificación térmica en la resistencia de las maderas Corymbia citriodora y Pinus taeda a ser ingerida por la termita xilófaga Nasutitermes corniger, en ensayos de preferencia de alimento. Se probaron temperaturas de 100 °C (testigo), 160 °C, 180 °C, 200 °C, 220 °C, 240 °C, además de 260 °C para el Pinus taeda. Se sometieron al proceso de modificación térmica tres tablones de madera de 6 cm x 16 cm x 56 cm (grosor x ancho x largo), y después fueron transformados en especímenes de 10,0 cm x 2,54 cm x 0,64 cm (longitudinal x radial x tangencial). Los especímenes fueron distribuidos en bloques aleatorios, y sometidos a seis tratamientos (Corymbia citriodora) y siete tratamientos (Pinus taeda) con 10 repeticiones por tratamiento, en cajas de 250 litros con una cama de 10 cm de arena. Los especímenes de prueba se hincaron en la arena hasta 1/3 de su longitud y fueron expuestos al ataque de las termitas. El ensayo fue mantenido durante 45 días bajo condiciones del laboratorio (25 ºC ± 2 ºC y 65 % ± 5% de humedad relativa). Para la madera de Corymbia citriodora, las temperaturas de 220 °C y 240 °C mejoraron sensiblemente la resistencia a la termita. Para el Pinus taeda la mejoría ocurrió con las temperaturas de 240 °C y 260 °C. La temperatura de 160 °C para la madera de C. citriodora y la de 200 °C para el P. taeda causaron disminución en la resistencia a la termita estudiada.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL RESISTANCE OF THERMALLY TREATED Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson E Pinus taeda L. WOODS AGAINST XYLOPHAGOUS TERMITES

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juarez Benigno Paes ◽  
Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara Segundinho ◽  
Allan Ewerton Rezende Euflosino ◽  
Márcio Rogério da Silva ◽  
Carlito Calil Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Feeding Assay ◽  
Nasutitermes Corniger ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Wood Resistance ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
Resistance Improvement ◽  
Thermally Treated

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the thermal-treated temperature to improvement of Corymbia citriodora and Pinus taeda wood resistance to the xylophagous termite Nasutitermes corniger, into forced feeding assay. The wood thermally treated was performed at temperatures of 160, 180, 200, 220, 240ºC. For Pinus taeda, the temperature of 260ºC was also used. Three boards of 6 × 16 × 56 cm (thickness × width x length) were used for each temperature. After being thermally treated, the boards were transformed into samples of 2.54 × 2.54 × 0.64 cm (longitudinal × radial × tangential). The experiment was kept in a climatized room (25 ± 2ºC and 65 ± 5% of relative humidity), for 28 days. For Corymbia citriodora, the thermal treatment at 220 and 240ºC improved the resistance to the termite. For Pinus taeda, the resistance improvement occurred at 240 and 260ºC. The temperature of 160ºC caused a decrease in the natural durability of both species.

scholarly journals Densidade de fêmeas de Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) por pupa de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizangela Leite Vargas ◽  
Fabricio Fagundes Pereira ◽  
Vanessa Rodrigues Ferreira Calado ◽  
Daniele Fabiana Glaeser ◽  
Bruna Aparecida Cáceres Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Glass Tubes

Density of parasitoid females affects their capacity to develop within the host. The number of Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females per pupa of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was adjusted to study the effect of parasitoid production in the laboratory. Host pupae were parasitised by females of T. diatraeae at densities of 1:1, 7:1, 14:1, 21:1, 28:1 and 35:1 (parasitoid:host). The females of the parasitoid remained in contact with pupae for 24 h in glass tubes (8.5 × 2.5 cm), packed in a climatic chamber regulated at 25 ± 2ºC, 70 ± 10% relative humidity and light regime of 14 h. The percentage of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae on pupae of D. saccharalis was 100% in all parasitoid densities. The length of thr cycle (egg-adult) of Trichospilus diatraeae was 19.25 ± 0.22 days at a density of 1:1 and 17.00 ± 0.00 days at 35:1. The offspring number of T. diatraeae was 106.00 ± 12.38 and 514.67 ± 54.55 individuals per pupa at densities of 1:1 and 35:1, respectively. The sex ratio decreased with increasing density, ranging between 0.97 ± 0.01 and 0.89 ± 0.01 at densities of 1:1 and 35:1, respectively. The percentages of parasitism and emergence of T. diatraeae on pupae of D. saccharalis were not affected by the densities of female parasitoids. The densities of 14 to 21 females of T. diatraeae per pupa of D. saccharalis are suitable for rearing this parasitoid under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Biology of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae), under laboratory conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. TESTON ◽  
A. SPECHT ◽  
E. CORSEUIL
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Larvae of Anicla infecta (Ochsenheimer, 1816) (Noctuidae) feed upon many grasses and may be harmful to cereals and fodder of economic importance. This study was developed aiming to contribute to knowledge of the biology of this species. The rearing was done in an environmental chamber with the following settings: temperature of 25 ± 1ºC; relative humidity of 70% <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 10%, and photoperiod of L14: D10. The larvae fed on ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. The results express the mean and standard error for the length of every stage in days. For each stage we observed the following time of development: egg 3.2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.09; larvae 18.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.07; pre-pupae 3.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.04; pupae 12.6 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14; and adult longevity was 12.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 1.03. Also the pre-egg-laying period was 4.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.59; the egg-laying period was 8.1 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.84; and the post-egg-laying period was 0.3 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.14. The mean number of egg-laying cycles per female was 6.7 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 0.73; that of eggs per cycle was 77.5 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 4.37; and total eggs per female was 521.4 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT> 47.36.

scholarly journals Amblyomma nodosum (Neumann, 1899): observations on life cycle under laboratory conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele da Costa Pinheiro ◽  
Elizabete Captivo Lourenço ◽  
Iwine Joyce Barbosa de Sá-Hungaro ◽  
Kátia Maria Famadas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Natural Hosts

The natural hosts of Amblyomma nodosum in the immature stages are a variety of birds and the anteater in the adult stage. However, so far no data have been published about this tick’s life cycle. To fill this gap, a record was made of its development under laboratory conditions. All the procedures were controlled in a BOD chamber set at 27±1 °C and 80±10% relative humidity and scotophase. The parasitic stages were raised on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758), from which more than 50% of larvae and nymphs were recovered, although only a small portion performed ecdysis. The adults did not fixed on the rabbits, which suggests that the experimental conditions were unsuitable for the requirements of this species. The data obtained here indicate that A. nodosum is highly dependent on its host and environment whereas under laboratory conditions and host chosen for the study was not obtained satisfactory results and new studies with different hosts and new environmental conditions should be elaborated.

Response ofCallosobruchus maculatus(F.) to varying temperature and relative humidity under laboratory conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Bassey Umoetok Akpassam ◽  
Beatrice Ngozi Iloba ◽  
Idorenyin Asukwo Udo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

DEVELOPMENTAL TIMES AND FECUNDITY OF IXODES COOKEI PACKARD (ACARI: IXODIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. Farkas ◽  
Gordon A. Surgeoner
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Thermal Threshold ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Marmota Monax ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Blood Meal Source

AbstractIxodes cookei Packard required ca. 14 weeks to complete development under laboratory conditions, using groundhogs [Marmota monax (L.)] as the blood meal source and off-host conditions of 25–29°C and 93–100% relative humidity. All three post-embryonic instars engorged in ca. 6–8 days. Larvae and nymphs maintained at 25°C moulted to the next instar ca. 18–20 days after detachment. Moult occurred under conditions of either a 0L:24D or a 16L:8D photoperiod. Adult females increased in weight ca. 49-fold from the unfed to the engorged state, attaining a weight of 194.1 ± 15.0 (mean ± SE) mg and producing 1281.5 ± 139.1 (mean ± SE) eggs at 29°C. The pre-ovipositional and ovipositional periods were 4.7 ± 0.3 and 20.2 ± 1.7(mean ± SE) days, respectively, at 29°C. Fifty percent of eggs were deposited within the 1st week of the ovipositional period at 29°C. First egg hatch at 29°C occurred ca. 31 days after oviposition was started. Eggs maintained at 10°C did not hatch, and the thermal threshold for egg development was calculated to be 11.2°C.

Properties of oriented strandboard made of wood species from Brazilian planted forests: Part 1: 80 mm-long strands of Pinus taeda L.

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. A. Okino ◽  
D. E. Teixeira ◽  
M. R. de Souza ◽  
M. A. E. Santana ◽  
M. E. de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Oriented Strandboard ◽  
Pinus Taeda L
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