The Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) has become invasive in Central and Northern Italy, where it affects prey-predator dynamics between native species. Although many different studies explored survival rates and the density of cottontails in North America, no information is available for its invasive range. Between December 2003 and October 2005, a capture-recapture scheme for Eastern cottontails was enforced on the Orba River, Italy. We fitted an open-population Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate survival of adult individuals (n=258) and their density in the study area. Adult cottontails showed a constant survival (phi = 0.84 ± 0.02) across the various sessions, as well as between individuals of different sexes. Capture probabilities and densities varied seasonally, with densities ranging between 2.06 ± 1.24 and 8.00 ± 4.60 cottontails/hectare, with an average of 4.72 individuals/hectare.Eastern cottontails are characterized by high survival and high densities, in their invaded range in Italy. Although densities are comparable to those reported in North America, our analysis focused on adult cottontails only and overall densities are certainly higher. Moreover, our estimates, obtained through a capture-recapture approach, were higher than those reported in previous studies from Italy that adopted nocturnal spotlight censuses. Spotlight transects are likely to underestimate cottontail densities, due to nocturnal habitat selection of cottontails, which might decrease their detectability.
Sex-Bias in Prenatal Parental Investment in the Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus)