The respiratory and circulatory physiology of the terrestrial Christmas Island red crab Gecarcoidea natalis was investigated with respect to exercise in the context of its annual breeding migration. Red crabs were allowed to walk for predetermined periods of up to 45 min. During this exercise period, blood gas measurements were made on venous, pulmonary and arterial samples to assess the function of the lungs in gas exchange and the performance of the circulatory system in gas transport and to determine the role and importance of the haemocyanin. The lungs of G. natalis were very efficient at O2 uptake, pulmonary blood being 80­90 % saturated throughout the 45 min exercise period. The maximum O2-carrying capacity was 1.1 mmol l-1, and haemocyanin (Hc) delivered 86 % of oxygen in resting crabs and 97 % during exercise. Oxygen delivery to the tissues was diffusion-limited during exercise. Indirect evidence, from the changes in haemolymph pH during transit through the lungs, suggested that the lung is the site of CO2 excretion. The Bohr shift was high at high pH (pH 7.8­7.5, phi=-1.23) but decreased at low pH (pH 7.1­6.8, phi=-0.48). The decreased Hc affinity for O2 during the exercise period facilitated O2 delivery to the tissues without impairing O2 loading at the lungs. The decrease in pH was sufficient to explain the change of affinity of Hc for O2 during the exercise period. The marked acidosis (0.8 pH unit decrease) was largely metabolic in origin, especially during sustained locomotion, but less than could be predicted from concomitant lactate production.
Ecology and Behavior of Gecarcoidea natalis, the Christmas Island Red Crab, During the Annual Breeding Migration
