Recent Developments in United Nations Treaty Registration and Publication Practices

1982 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Tabory
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Publication Practices ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
United Nations Charter

The framework for the systematic registration and publication of international agreements on an intergovernmental level was set in Article 18 of the League of Nations Covenant, and later in Article 102 of the United Nations Charter. The purpose of treaty registration and publication is to give effect to the principle and policy of “open covenants”—enunciated as the first of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points—in lieu of secret diplomacy. In addition, these procedures serve to record “contemporary trends in substantive international law” for the benefit of judicial and government practitioners, scholars, and specialists in various fields.

Fiduciary Principles in International Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 342-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan J. Criddle
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
International Community ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Fiduciary Duties ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
United Nations Charter

This chapter explores how fiduciary principles have shaped international law from colonial times to the present. Fiduciary principles are evident not only in the text of the League of Nations Covenant and the United Nations Charter, but also in various subfields of international law, including the law governing U.N. missions, military occupation, the legal status and duties of states, and the role and responsibilities of diplomatic officers. In each of these contexts, the international community has affirmed that certain offices and institutions attract fiduciary duties under international law. Nonetheless, the international community has struggled to develop credible mechanisms for enforcing these fiduciary duties.

The League of Nations between Scientific Knowledge and Political Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-202
Author(s):  
Dimitar Tyulekov ◽  
Ilko Drenkov ◽  
Jani Nikolla
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Post War

The League of Nations sets strict professional frameworks that are subordinate to scientific knowledge and international law and respect, without any differences between small and big powers. The first chairman, Eric Drummond, who headed up to 1934, established a huge international prestige of the organization and achieved a number of successes in peace building. The League’s policy in the Balkans is revealed mainly through its relations with Albania and Bulgaria, which both joined the League in December 1920. The two countries rely on the international organization for the peaceful resolution of their political, minority and social problems. Under the supervision of the League of Nations, a number of agreements for voluntary and mutual exchange of people between Greece and Bulgaria are being concluded, which aims to soothe the Macedonian problem in Aegean Macedonia. Under her patronage are the agreements between Greece and Albania regulating the protection of Greek minorities and schools, as well as settling the border dispute between the Serb-Croat-Slovene Kingdom and Albania in 1921. The rapid intervention of the United Nations suspended the Greek aggression on Bulgarian territory in the autumn of 1925 and prevented a possible new war. Dimitar Shalev's petitions from Skopje to the United Nations aim to achieve the Yugoslav state's humane treatment towards Bulgarian minorities within its borders, but political dependencies and overlapping contradictions are an obstacle to peaceful and sustainable political outcomes. In the second half of the 1930s, the League lost its initial prestige, and in the course of the emerging new global conflict it fell into political dependence, marking its collapse. Unresolved issues and contradictions, along with the harsh political post-war realities, quickly bury the League’s noble impetus.

Collective Security and Collective Self-Defense Under the Charter of the United Nations

1948 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Kelsen
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual

Collective security is the main purpose of the United Nations, just as it was the main purpose of its predecessor, the League of Nations. What does collective security mean? Under general international law the principle of self-help prevails. The protection of the legal interests of the states against violations on the part of other states is left to the individual state whose right has been violated. General international law authorizes the state, i.e., the individual member of the international community, to resort, in case of a violation of its rights, to reprisals or war against that state which is responsible for the violation. Reprisals and war are enforcement actions. Insofar as they are reactions against violations of the law, and authorized by it, they have the character of sanctions. We speak of collective security when the protection of the rights of the states, the reaction against the violation of the law, assumes the character of a collective enforcement action.

scholarly journals The Legality Of Nato'S Action In The Former Republic Of Yugoslavia (Fry) Under International Law

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chinkin
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
United Nations Charter

The use of force has been prohibited in international relations since at least the United Nations Charter, 1945. Article 2 (4) of the Charter states:All members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the United Nations.

Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-Operation Among States

1967 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet-Hein Houben
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Special Committee ◽  
The United Nations

Since the very beginning of its existence the United Nations, like the League of Nations before it, has experienced how difficult it is to define the scope of the most general and fundamental principles of international law in a declaration of legal significance. Today this is still the case, as appears from the efforts undertaken since the establishment four years ago of a United Nations Special Committee, which was given the task of studying in what way and to what extent the primary principles of international law contained in the Charter could yield rules adapted to the changed world situation. Before considering in detail the most recent proceedings of the Special Committee, it seems useful briefly to recall the context within which the Committee started its work.

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