Comments on “A Reconsideration of Aboriginal Fishing Strategies in the Northern Great Lakes Region” by Susan R. Martin

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
Population Loss ◽  
Fishing Strategies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Economic Specialization

Martin's suggestion that there is great continuity in subsistence strategy through the Middle and Late Woodland periods of the Northern Great Lakes is rejected. She fails to produce convincing evidence for the use of gill nets during Middle Woodland times and to account for the difference in fish fauna on sites of these two periods. Also addressed here is the possible consequence of economic specialization on population size and fluctuation. It is concluded that unlike Middle Woodland populations, those of the Late Woodland fluctuate rather dramatically. Finally, it is suggested that whatever the cause of the population loss and mechanisms of replacement, these shifts likely have important implications for periodicity in ceramic style change.

A Reconsideration of Aboriginal Fishing Strategies in the Northern Great Lakes Region

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Rapalje Martin
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Fishing Strategies ◽  
Prey Specificity

Aboriginal northern Great Lakes fishing strategies varied with season, target species, and organization of the labor force. The placement of Woodland archaeological sites complied with the structure of these fisheries, but their locations do not reflect prey specificity or one specialized technology. Rather, resource-general locations suggest an essential step in the process of specialization. Flexibility in settlement and social styles existed among prehistoric foragers of the midlatitudes, as did a variety of solutions to food-getting problems. Slow, accretional processes rather than temporally discrete growth processes were responsible for Late Woodland site characteristics in this region. Stable locational-selection patterns are visible through reexamination of the historical data base and through statistical analyses of environmental factors associated with sites at a number of Woodland localities.

Biogeography of island floras in the Great Lakes. I. Species richness and composition in relation to gull nesting activities

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Hogg ◽  
J. K. Morton ◽  
Joan M. Venn
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Species Area ◽  
The Difference

Species–area relations of vascular plants and the effect of nesting colonies of gulls on plant species composition were investigated for 77 islands in Georgian Bay and Lake Huron in the Great Lakes region of Canada. The percentage of plant species classed as alien, annual, or biennial was significantly greater on islands with gull colonies. The slope of the species–area curve was significantly steeper on islands supporting gull colonies compared with islands lacking gull colonies. The expected decline in species richness with increased island remoteness was not detected statistically using multiple regression analysis. The difference in species–area slopes does not appear to reflect a lower propagule immigration rate to islands with gull colonies, because gulls are important in the dispersal of alien plant species to these islands. Larger islands with gull colonies tended to have richer floras than islands of similar size without gull colonies. It is suggested that on these larger islands the presence of gull colonies produces a gradient of soil nutrient and disturbance regimes, thus increasing habitat heterogeneity and species richness.

On the Source of Copper at the Etowah Site, Georgia

1958 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon J. Hurst ◽  
Lewis H. Larson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Native Copper ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Western Great Lakes

For some time it has been almost tacitly accepted that most or all of the pre-Columbian copper artifacts found in the eastern United States were manufactured of native copper recovered from the glacial drifts of the western Great Lakes region (Martin, Quimby, and Collier 1947: 40–2). This assumption can be attributed to a number of factors: (1) the abundance of copper artifacts in the Old Copper and Middle Woodland cultures which center in or are immediately adjacent to this region; (2) the quantity and availability of the copper; (3) the notion that other deposits were not accessible to pre-Columbian users, or were at least not numerous; and finally, (4) all the copper artifacts so far analysed show compositional similarities to the Great Lakes copper.

Dating the Entry of Corn (Zea Mays) into the Lower Great Lakes Region

1997 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Crawford ◽  
David G. Smith ◽  
Vandy E. Bowyer
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Ams Dates

Five accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) dates on corn (maize or Zea mays) from the Grand Banks site, Ontario, range from cal A.D. 540 to 1030. These are the earliest directly dated corn samples in the Lower Great Lakes region. The presence of corn during the Princess Point Complex, a transitional Late Woodland phase preceding the Ontario Iroquoian Tradition, is confirmed as is an early presence of the Princess Point culture in Ontario. Maize appears to have spread rapidly from the Southeast and/or Midwest to Ontario. The corn cupules and kernel remains are fragmentary, as they are elsewhere in the Eastern Woodlands during this period. The limited morphological data indicate that the corn is a diminutive form of Eastern Eight-Row, or Eastern Complex, maize.

Woodland Social Change in the Central Midwest: A Review and Evaluation of Interpretive Trends

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Tainter
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
West Central ◽  
Central Illinois

The analysis of Middle Woodland to Late Woodland social change in west-central Illinois has produced contrasting interpretations of decreasing and increasing complexity. This paper evaluates both views, showing that available evidence is most consistent with the interpretation of social collapse at the Middle to Late Woodland transition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document