Abstract
Species limits in the genus Plectrophenax have been difficult to assess. McKay’s Buntings (Plectrophenax hyperboreus) are very similar both morphologically and behaviorally to Snow Buntings (P. nivalis). However, their breeding ranges are allopatric, and there is limited evidence of gene flow. The juvenal plumage of McKay’s Buntings has never been described as different from that of Snow Buntings. Comparison of a series of McKay’s Buntings in juvenal plumage with a series of Snow Buntings in juvenal plumage showed clear differences between the two forms. We used color spectrophotometry to quantify the differences between the two taxa in two areas of the body that appeared to be consistently different, the throat and back. The relative magnitude of the difference between McKay’s and Snow buntings was greater than homologous differences between two subspecies of Snow Bunting (P. n. nivalis and P. n. townsendi). Four out of six variables were significantly different between McKay’s and Snow buntings, whereas none of the variables were significantly different between the two subspecies of Snow Bunting. Bonferroni corrected t-tests of sexual dimorphism and regression of the variables against year of collection showed that these factors were not associated with these differences. Discriminant analysis accurately separated 100% of the specimens into their respective groups. These differences are notable given the evolutionarily conservative nature of juvenal plumage. Our results support continued recognition of McKay’s Bunting as a species and reconfirm the use of juvenal plumage to help determine species limits.
Uso del Plumaje Juvenil para Diagnosticar los Límites entre Especies: un Ejemplo en el Género Plectrophenax
Use of Juvenal Plumage in Diagnosing Species Limits: An Example Using Buntings in the Genus Plectrophenax
