Pediatric Rashes

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Johnson Syndrome ◽

Pediatric rashes are a common chief complaint in the emergency department (ED) and a source of anxiety for both parents and providers. Many of these rashes will not require intervention aside from symptomatic relief and parental reassurance. However, there is a subset of rashes that are the result of underlying life-threatening conditions that will warrant immediate intervention and treatment to prevent further deterioration and possible death. This review focuses on outlining the pathology of seven potentially deadly pediatric rashes that ED physicians are likely to encounter, how they present, and how to treat and manage them according to the most recent available guidelines. Figures show primary lesions, pattern of lesions, and distribution of rash associated with bacterial meningitis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme minor and major, necrotizing fasciitis, and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Tables list bacterial meningitis antibiotic treatment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical and laboratory criteria for TSS, TSS antibiotic treatment regimens, scoring systems for toxic epidermal necrolysis and necrotizing fasciitis, and the latest guidelines as of June 2017. This review contains 9 Figures, 12 Tables and 50 references Key words: Pediatric rash, toxic shock syndrome, skin rash, rash distribution, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, necrotizing fasciitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Pediatric Rashes

10.2310/em.4414 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Summer Stears-Ellis

Keyword(s):

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Johnson Syndrome ◽

Pediatric rashes are a common chief complaint in the emergency department (ED) and a source of anxiety for both parents and providers. Many of these rashes will not require intervention aside from symptomatic relief and parental reassurance. However, there is a subset of rashes that are the result of underlying life-threatening conditions that will warrant immediate intervention and treatment to prevent further deterioration and possible death. This review focuses on outlining the pathology of seven potentially deadly pediatric rashes that ED physicians are likely to encounter, how they present, and how to treat and manage them according to the most recent available guidelines. Figures show primary lesions, pattern of lesions, and distribution of rash associated with bacterial meningitis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme minor and major, necrotizing fasciitis, and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Tables list bacterial meningitis antibiotic treatment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical and laboratory criteria for TSS, TSS antibiotic treatment regimens, scoring systems for toxic epidermal necrolysis and necrotizing fasciitis, and the latest guidelines as of June 2017. This review contains 9 figures, 6 tables, and 50 references. Key words: Pediatric rash, toxic shock syndrome, skin rash, rash distribution, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, necrotizing fasciitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Pediatric Rashes

10.2310/peds.4414 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Summer Stears-Ellis

Keyword(s):

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Johnson Syndrome ◽

Pediatric rashes are a common chief complaint in the emergency department (ED) and a source of anxiety for both parents and providers. Many of these rashes will not require intervention aside from symptomatic relief and parental reassurance. However, there is a subset of rashes that are the result of underlying life-threatening conditions that will warrant immediate intervention and treatment to prevent further deterioration and possible death. This review focuses on outlining the pathology of seven potentially deadly pediatric rashes that ED physicians are likely to encounter, how they present, and how to treat and manage them according to the most recent available guidelines. Figures show primary lesions, pattern of lesions, and distribution of rash associated with bacterial meningitis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme minor and major, necrotizing fasciitis, and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Tables list bacterial meningitis antibiotic treatment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical and laboratory criteria for TSS, TSS antibiotic treatment regimens, scoring systems for toxic epidermal necrolysis and necrotizing fasciitis, and the latest guidelines as of June 2017. This review contains 9 Figures, 13 Tables and 50 references Key words: Pediatric rash, toxic shock syndrome, skin rash, rash distribution, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, necrotizing fasciitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Pediatric Rashes

10.2310/tywc.4414 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Summer Stears-Ellis

Keyword(s):

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Johnson Syndrome ◽

Pediatric rashes are a common chief complaint in the emergency department (ED) and a source of anxiety for both parents and providers. Many of these rashes will not require intervention aside from symptomatic relief and parental reassurance. However, there is a subset of rashes that are the result of underlying life-threatening conditions that will warrant immediate intervention and treatment to prevent further deterioration and possible death. This review focuses on outlining the pathology of seven potentially deadly pediatric rashes that ED physicians are likely to encounter, how they present, and how to treat and manage them according to the most recent available guidelines. Figures show primary lesions, pattern of lesions, and distribution of rash associated with bacterial meningitis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme minor and major, necrotizing fasciitis, and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Tables list bacterial meningitis antibiotic treatment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical and laboratory criteria for TSS, TSS antibiotic treatment regimens, scoring systems for toxic epidermal necrolysis and necrotizing fasciitis, and the latest guidelines as of June 2017. This review contains 9 figures, 6 tables, and 50 references. Key words: Pediatric rash, toxic shock syndrome, skin rash, rash distribution, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, necrotizing fasciitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Pediatric Rashes

10.2310/im.4414 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Summer Stears-Ellis

Keyword(s):

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Johnson Syndrome ◽

Pediatric rashes are a common chief complaint in the emergency department (ED) and a source of anxiety for both parents and providers. Many of these rashes will not require intervention aside from symptomatic relief and parental reassurance. However, there is a subset of rashes that are the result of underlying life-threatening conditions that will warrant immediate intervention and treatment to prevent further deterioration and possible death. This review focuses on outlining the pathology of seven potentially deadly pediatric rashes that ED physicians are likely to encounter, how they present, and how to treat and manage them according to the most recent available guidelines. Figures show primary lesions, pattern of lesions, and distribution of rash associated with bacterial meningitis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme minor and major, necrotizing fasciitis, and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Tables list bacterial meningitis antibiotic treatment, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical and laboratory criteria for TSS, TSS antibiotic treatment regimens, scoring systems for toxic epidermal necrolysis and necrotizing fasciitis, and the latest guidelines as of June 2017. This review contains 9 figures, 6 tables, and 50 references. Key words: Pediatric rash, toxic shock syndrome, skin rash, rash distribution, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, necrotizing fasciitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Dermatologic Emergencies

Pediatric Emergencies ◽

10.1093/med/9780190073879.003.0023 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 262-278

Author(s):

Erica Kiemele ◽

Emily Rose

Keyword(s):

Kawasaki Disease ◽

Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Johnson Syndrome ◽

Meningitis In Children ◽

Atypical Presentations

Rashes are common in the pediatric population. Most are benign and self-limited. However, there are several rashes that require rapid recognition and intervention. This chapter discusses Kawasaki disease, omphalitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, necrotizing fasciitis, meningococcemia, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Kawasaki disease is a self-limited vasculitis, with predisposition to medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. Omphalitis is an infection of the umbilical stump that carries significant morbidity and potential mortality for neonates. Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome is an exotoxin-mediated superficial skin blistering disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe mucocutaneous reactions characterized by extensive epidermal necrosis and detachment. Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening progressive infection resulting in significant tissue destruction requiring surgical intervention. Neisseria meningiditis is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is one of the most clinically important diseases spread by a tick bite. Key features of presentation as well as atypical presentations are highlighted in this chapter, with emphasis on diagnostic and management pearls.

Dermatologic Manifestations of Infectious Disease

10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0044 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Cuttle

Keyword(s):

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Bacterial Toxin ◽

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Toxic Shock

Toxic infectious exfoliative conditions include staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS), streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS), and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). All three are mediated by bacterial toxin production and are considerations in the differential diagnosis of a febrile, hypotensive patient with a rash. Meningococcemia is potentially fatal and extremely contagious with a short incubation period. Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) presents with tenosynovitis, dermatitis, and polyarthralgias without purulent arthritis or with purulent arthritis but without skin lesions. Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is a cutaneous manifestation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, most commonly transmitted by the American dog tick. Patients present with nonspecific symptoms, such as fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Finally, vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that causes serious wound infections, sepsis, and diarrhea in patients exposed to shellfish or marine water.

Vaginal Mucositis in Measles

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s1064744995000184 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 279-281

Author(s):

Ingrid A. Chamales ◽

Peter G. Napolitano ◽

Cesar Rosa

Keyword(s):

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Vaginal Mucosa ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Recent Infection ◽

Presumptive Diagnosis ◽

Unusual Manifestation ◽

Antibody Titers

Background: Measles (rubeola), a common childhood exanthema, occurs infrequently in adults. Vaginal mucositis in association with measles is not commonly described.Case: During a recent measles epidemic, 2 female patients presented with high fever, myalgia, exanthema, and prostration. On examination, each patient had marked inflammation and tenderness of the vaginal mucosa, prompting the presumptive diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome. The evolution of the illness was consistent with measles. Cervicovaginal cultures were negative for pathogens. Acute and convalescent antibody titers for Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rubella, leptospirosis, and Proteus Ox-19 were not consistent with a recent infection. The sera also were negative for anti-toxic shock toxin-1 and anti-streptolysin. Measles antibody titers were consistent with a recent infection.Conclusion: Vaginal mucositis is an unusual manifestation of measles that may mimic toxic shock syndrome.

Mitbringsel aus den Ferien

Praxis ◽

10.1024/0369-8394.94.47.1869 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 94 (47) ◽

pp. 1869-1870

Author(s):

Balestra ◽

Nüesch

Keyword(s):

Rocky Mountains ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Rocky Mountain ◽

Rickettsia Conorii ◽

Klinische Diagnose ◽

Rickettsia Rickettsii

Eine 37-jährige Patientin stellt sich nach der Rückkehr von einer Rundreise durch Nordamerika mit einem Status febrilis seit zehn Tagen und einem makulösem extremitätenbetontem Exanthem seit einem Tag vor. Bei suggestiver Klinik und Besuch der Rocky Mountains wird ein Rocky Mountain spotted fever diagnostiziert. Die Serologie für Rickettsia conorii, die mit Rickettsia rickettsii kreuzreagiert, war positiv und bestätigte die klinische Diagnose. Allerdings konnte der beweisende vierfache Titeranstieg, möglicherweise wegen spät abgenommener ersten Serologie, nicht nachgewiesen werden. Nach zweiwöchiger antibiotischer Therapie mit Doxycycline waren Status febrilis und Exanthem regredient.