The present research attempts to address an automated optimization-based image-embedding approach through a levels-directions decomposition framework. The subject behind the present approach is to design colour image watermarking with a focus on contourlet representation, whereas the watermarking intensity is accurately calculated via an optimization algorithm with constraint. In the approach presented here, a number of performance monitors for watermarked and logo images are realized to deal with a new fitness function in the aforementioned optimization algorithm. It is worth noting that the first performance monitoring is organized based on the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the structural similarity, whereas the second one is organized based on the normal correlation and the bit error rate, respectively. There is a scrambling module to represent the logo information in disorder, where a number of attacks are simultaneously applied to the watermarked image in order to adjust the appropriate value for watermarking intensity to realize a robust and efficient solution. The ability of a decision maker system is manually taken into account for choosing the best levels and the corresponding directions regarding the contourlet representation, and the investigated results are considered in a number of well-known colour space models including RGB, YIQ and YCbCr. The key contribution of the present research is made based on the new integration of a set of subsystems employed in colour space models under the embedding and de-embedding processes in the contourlet representation, and the watermarking intensity is acquired through the optimization algorithm with constraint to present the competitive outcomes with respect to state-of-the-art benchmarks. The procedure for extracting the information concerning the logo image from the processed watermarked image under a number of attacks is implemented through the approach proposed, whereas there is no information about the original image and the watermarking intensity to be processed.
Research into Methods for Determining Colour Differences in the CIELAB Uniform Colour Space
