scholarly journals Annual Changes in the Catch of Marine Juvenile Ayu in Wakayama Prefecture, with Special Reference to the Sharp Decrease in the Catch in Recent Years.

1991 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1065-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Horiki
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Annual Changes

Verbal Punishment of Disfluencies in Normal Speakers

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald M. Siegel ◽  
Richard R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Random Presentation ◽  
Random Schedule

Forty normal speakers were divided into two groups to study the effects of two types of verbal punishment of disfluencies. The two conditions, Random and Contingent, were divided into three segments each. Punishment was not delivered in Segments 1 or 3. Segment 2 presented Random subjects with the tape recorded word “wrong” on a predetermined random schedule. Contingent subjects were delivered the word “wrong” after each disfluency. Random presentation of “wrong” did not significantly affect rate of disfluencies. Contingent presentation resulted in a sharp decrease in disfluencies during Segment 2, and an increase in disfluencies during Segment 3.

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