scholarly journals The effect of disinfectants on fungal diseases of potato and vegetables

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Hilkka Koponen ◽  
Hanna Avikainen ◽  
Risto Tahvonen
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Phoma Foveata

Treatments of one and ten minutes were too short for all disinfectants against fungi in peat and plant debris. The best effect was achieved with a treatment of 90 min. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was the most effective and Korsolin and Virkon S were the least effective in the control of Fusarium culmorum and F. oxysporum. Virkon S (2%) was the most effective against Mycocentrospora acerina and Phoma foveata. Soaking for 15 min and 60 min in a disinfection suspension eradicated Botrytis cinerea and P. foveata totally from the contaminated plastic pots. Fusarium spp. were the most difficult fungi to disinfect and these were best controlled with formaline, lobac P, Menno-Ter-forte and sodium hypochlorite. lobac P, formaline, Menno-Ter-forte, Taloset and Virkon S were the most effective disinfectants against club rot (Plasmodiophora hrassicae). Washing under running water was not sufficient to eradicate club rot. Against Rhizoctonia -induced damping off of cauliflower the most effective disinfectants were formaline and Virkon S.

scholarly journals The effect of disinfectants on fungal diseases of cucumber

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Hanna Avikainen ◽  
Hilkka Koponen ◽  
Risto Tahvonen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Phomopsis Sclerotioides

Formaline, lobac P, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Korsolin and Menno-Ter-forte were effective disinfectants in the control of damping-off (Pythium sp.) from peat substrate. Ipasept, Sanisept and Virkon S (1%) were shown ineffective against Pythium sp. in peat. Only formaline was effective in the control of black root rot (Phomopsis sclerotioides) from peat. In sand substrate P. sclerotioides could be eradicated also with sodium hypochlorite. Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) from peat substrate could be controlled with formaline, lobac P, sodium hypochlorite and Virkon S. Formaline and sodium hypochlorite were effective against Verticillium wilt in sand. Black stem rot (Didymella hryoniae) was susceptible to all disinfectants tested.

Peronospora anemones. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Francis
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Lower Leaf Surface ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Secondary Infections

Abstract A description is provided for Peronospora anemones. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Anemone coronaria, A. globosa. DISEASE: Downy mildew of anemones. Infected leaves lose their natural bloom, appearing dull green, almost grey in colour and are often down curled giving the plant a rounded appearance. As the disease progresses, leaf colour may change to shades of pink or purple with necrotic areas appearing on the older leaves. Invasion by secondary organisms (e.g. Botrytis cinerea) is common, especially after frost or storm injury, and this accelerates plant death. In favourable conditions conidiophores develop forming a whitish-grey down on the lower leaf surface, on the bracts and, less frequently, on the petioles. It is not uncommon for affected plants to show little or no sporulation and in these cases the presence of extensive intercellular mycelium and, later in the season, oospores in petioles and peduncles helps diagnosis. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australasia (New Zealand); Europe (England, Jersey, France, Italy, Netherlands). TRANSMISSION: Primary infection is caused by oospores in plant debris in the soil. Tramier (1963) was unable to germinate oospores and thus work out precise details of the conditions affecting their germination but he showed evidence that regular and prolonged rain encouraged germination. Conidia, which cause secondary infections, are dispersed by rain and during harvesting of the flowers. Wind is thought to be unimportant in their dissemination as shown by glass slides covered with vaseline and placed near an infected crop (Tramier, 1965).

Sesquiterpenoid spiro compounds from potato tubers infected with Phoma foveata and Fusarium spp.

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Engström
Keyword(s):  
Spiro Compounds ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phoma Foveata

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: IV. EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND CULTURAL PRACTICE ON THE RELATIVE PREVALENCE OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM SPP. AS INDICATED BY ISOLATIONS FROM WHEAT PLANTS

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Marked Tendency

The crown and root tissue from 43,305 of 47,360 plants examined in this investigation yielded Helminthosporium sativum, Fusarium culmorum and other Fusarium spp., either alone or in combination with these or other fungi and bacteria. It was the exception for any mature plant, the surface tissue of which was disinfected, to be free from fungi or bacteria. None of the various crop sequences or cultural practices used in this study appeared to significantly affect more than another the relative prevalence of either H. sativum or Fusarium spp., as indicated by isolations from the crown tissue of wheat. However, as there was a marked tendency at certain stations each year for H. sativum or Fusarium spp. to predominate, it was concluded that certain factors of the environment were more effective than the crop sequence in modifying the relative prevalence of the two fungi mentioned in the crown and root tissue of wheat plants.

Identification of Indian Landraces of Opium Poppy Papaver somniferum Resistant to Damping-off and Downy Mildew Fungal Diseases

1999 ◽  
Vol 147 (9) ◽  
pp. 535-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bajpai ◽  
M. M. Gupta ◽  
S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Damping Off

Sodium hypochlorite: A promising agent for reducing Botrytis cinerea infection on rose flowers

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Macnish ◽  
Kristy L. Morris ◽  
Annemarie de Theije ◽  
Manon G.J. Mensink ◽  
Henry A.M. Boerrigter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Promising Agent

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium proliferatum Causing Dry Rot in Michigan Commercial Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Production

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-843
Author(s):  
A. Merlington ◽  
L. E. Hanson ◽  
R. Bayma ◽  
K. Hildebrandt ◽  
L. Steere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Commercial Potato ◽  
Fusarium Dry Rot ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Potato Dry Rot

Fusarium dry rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a postharvest disease caused by several Fusarium spp. Thirteen Fusarium spp. have been implicated in dry rot of potatoes worldwide. Among them, 11 species have been reported causing potato dry rot of seed tubers in the northern United States (1). Historically, Fusarium sambucinum was the predominant species in Michigan potato production (3). Dry rot symptomatic tubers (n = 972) were collected from Michigan commercial potato storage facilities in 2011 and 2012 to determine the composition of Fusarium spp. Sections were cut from the margins of necrotic tissue with a sterile scalpel and surface disinfested in 0.6% sodium hypochlorite for 10 s, rinsed twice in sterile distilled water, and dried on sterile filter paper. The tissue sections were plated on half-strength potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 0.5 g/liter of streptomycin sulfate. Dishes were incubated at 23°C in the dark for 7 days. Putative Fusarium isolates were transferred onto water agar and hyphal tips from the margin of actively growing cultures were removed with a sterile scalpel and plated to carnation leaf agar (CLA) and half-strength PDA to generate pure cultures. Seven hundred and thirty Fusarium isolates were collected using these techniques. Preliminary identification of the 730 isolates was based on colony and conidial morphology on PDA and CLA, respectively. While F. oxysporum and F. sambucinum were isolated as expected from prior reports (3), three isolates of F. proliferatum were also identified. On CLA, macroconidia of F. proliferatum were sparse, slender, and mostly straight, with three to five septae (4). Microconidia were abundant, usually single celled, oval or club-shaped in short chains or false heads on monophialides and polyphialides (4), and chlamydospores were absent. On PDA, abundant white mycelium was produced and turned violet with age. Koch's postulates were confirmed through pathogenicity testing on disease-free potato tubers cvs. Atlantic and Russet Norkotah. Tubers were surface disinfested for 10 min in 0.6% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed twice in distilled water. Three tubers of each cultivar per isolate were wounded at the apical end of the tuber to a depth of 4 to 10 mm with a 4 mm diameter cork-borer. Tubers were inoculated by inserting a mycelial plug from a 7-day-old culture grown on PDA into the wound and incubating the tubers at 20°C for 21 days. All Fusarium isolates were tested. Control tubers were inoculated by inserting a water agar plug. Pathogenicity and virulence testing were replicated three times and repeated. Tubers inoculated with F. proliferatum developed typical potato dry rot symptoms but no dry rot symptoms were observed on control tubers. Fusarium proliferatum was re-isolated from symptomatic tubers, confirming Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. proliferatum causing potato dry rot in Michigan. References: (1) E. Gachango et al. Plant Dis. 96:1767. (2) D. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (3) M. L. Lacy and R. Hammerschmidt. Fusarium dry rot. Extension Bulletin. Retrieved from http://web1.msue.msu.edu/msue/iac/onlinepubs/pubs/E/E2448POT, 23 May 2010. (4) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerell. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, 2006.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOME PLANT LEAVES EXTRACTS ON Fusarium culmorum THAT CAUSE WHEAT DAMPING- OFF DISEASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
KHADEEJA AHMED SAIDO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Damping Off

scholarly journals Damping-off of sugar beet in Finland: I. Causal agents and some factors affecting the disease

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-244
Author(s):  
Mauritz Vestberg ◽  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Kyösti Raininko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Phoma Betae

The fungus Pythium debaryanum auct. non Hesse is the main cause of damping-off on sugar beet in Finland. The fungus is found especially in diseased seedlings during the first two weeks after emergence. Later on, when the plants have one or two pairs of true leaves, Fusarium spp. can be isolated to a rather great extent. However, pathogenicity tests with three different Fusarium species have shown that this fungus is unble cause damping-off on sugar beet when inoculated into peat substrate. Among the fungi tried in this respect, only Pythium debaryanum and Phoma betae Frank showed clear pathogenicity. Sugar beet seedlings that outlive the disease grow slower, and their quality at harvest in the autumn is poorer than that of healthy beets.

scholarly journals Research on possibilities of utilization of chosen Brassicaceae plants in protection of cucumber against damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Smith)Sacc.

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew J. Burgieł
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Total Inhibition

The aim of the work was to determine the usefulness of dried leaves of savoy cabbage, red cabbage, horse radish and fringed cabbage in protection of cucumber against damping-off caused by fungi <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>. In the laboratory experiments, pathogens were grown on PDA containing dried leaves (3g·100 cm<sup>-3</sup>) and in atmosphere containing volatile substances evolved from plant material. The addition of radish horse leaves into PDA caused total inhibition of <i>R. solani</i> development. Remaining plants were also characterized by high fungistatic activity (% of growth inhibition about 85%). <i>F. culmorum</i> was less sensitive. The horse radish leaves showed the strongest activity (65 %), weakest in combination with fringed cabbage leaves (38,9%). The similar regularity in the case of fumigation activity was observed. The effectiveness of dried leaves in protection of cucumber against damping-off was confirmed in greenhouse experiment. The amendment of soil inoculated with <i>R. solani</i> in dose 2 g per 500 cm<sup>3</sup> of soil significantly increased the number of cucumber sprouts compared to the control. In the experiment with <i>F. culmorum</i> only in combination with horse radish and red cabbage leaves significant action was observed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document