Stimulus Intensity, Stimulus Satiation, and Optimum Stimulation with Light-Contingent Bar-Press

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Variable Light ◽  
Skinner Box ◽  
Satiation Hypothesis

Three groups of hooded rats were tested in a Skinner box with light reinforcement, using two intensity levels and both fixed and variable light locations after dark operant pretests. The results lend support both to a stimulus satiation hypothesis and to an optimal stimulation hypothesis. It is suggested that intensity and light location are potent variables which have opposite effects on response level, intensity showing relatively more rapid effects.

An Apparent New Instance of Stimulus Intensity Dynamism during Discrimination of Duration of Repeating Auditory Stimuli

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. St. C. Macmillan ◽  
J. A. Gray ◽  
J. R. Ison
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Food Reinforcement ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Negative Stimulus ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Positive Stimulus ◽  
Training Analysis ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Inhibition Hypothesis ◽  
Skinner Box

Rats were trained on a VI/EXT discrimination using barpressing in a Skinner box for food reinforcement. The discriminanda consisted of different proportions of noise to silence within a fixed 3-s noise-plus-silence repeating cycle. These stimuli were easily discriminated by human subjects, but the rats formed the discrimination only poorly and after considerable training. Analysis of response rates during noise and silence separately within the 3-s noise-plus-silence cycle showed higher response rates during noise, irrespective of whether this was during the positive or during the negative stimulus, or whether relatively long duration of noise or relatively short duration of noise (within the 3-s cycle) constituted the positive stimulus. These results are seen as providing an instance of the dynamogenic effects of stimulus intensity on response vigour to which the Perkins-Logan generalization of inhibition hypothesis of stimulus intensity dynamism cannot apply.

Reflex Responses in Upper Limb Muscles to Cutaneous Stimuli

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Cutaneous Reflexes ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Biphasic Responses

ABSTRACT:Cutaneous reflexes in the upper limb were elicited by stimulating digital nerves and recorded by averaging rectified EMG from proximal and distal upper limb muscles during voluntary contraction. Distal muscles often showed a triphasic response: an inhibition with onset about 50 ms (Il) followed by a facilitation with onset about 60 ms (E2) followed by another inhibition with onset about 80 ms (12). Proximal muscles generally showed biphasic responses beginning with facilitation or inhibition with onset at about 40 ms. Normal ranges for the amplitude of these components were established from recordings on 22 arms of 11 healthy subjects. An attempt was made to determine the alterent fibers responsible for the various components by varying the stimulus intensity, by causing ischemic block of larger fibers and by estimating the afferent conduction velocities. The central pathways mediating these reflexes were examined by estimating central delays and by studying patients with focal lesions

Reduced stimulus intensity as a CS in GSR conditioning.

1967 ◽  
Vol 73 (4, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 631-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Champion
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity

CO2 Exchange of Subterranean Clover in Variable Light Environments 1

Crop Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Wilson ◽  
C. J. Fernandez ◽  
K. J. McCree
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Variable Light

Olfactory mucosal and neural responses in the frog

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Mark Mozell
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Repeated Stimulation ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Electrophysiological Technique

A comparatively recent electrophysiological technique for studying peripheral olfactory events is to record sustained negative potentials from the olfactory epithelium. This method is rapidly replacing the older technique of recording multifiber discharges from the olfactory nerve or bulb. Therefore, the extent to which the results from the two methods correlate with each other was studied by simultaneously recording from the nerve and from the mucosa under several conditions. Although most often parallel, some differences between the two measures were found. Their response maxima did not always temporally coincide. Their amplitudes did not always correlate. Certain stimuli reduced subsequent mucosal responses but not the neural. Repeated stimulation sometimes produced similar differences. Finally, the two responses were not linearly related as a function of stimulus intensity or flow rate. However, for reasons discussed, it is difficult to conclude that these discrepancies necessarily reflect unfavorably upon the reliability of the mucosal potential as the criterion measure of peripheral olfactory activity. Nevertheless, the mucosal potential should not be accepted unequivocally as such a criterion measure until it is more thoroughly understood.

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