Generalizations from the Distinction of Passive and Active Avoidance

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren K. Gerbrandt
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Papez Circuit ◽  
Passive And Active Avoidance

A wide variety of behavioral and physiological data were presented which were discrepant and unrelated without the use of two integrating hypotheses. The behavioral hypothesis was generalized from the distinction of passive and active avoidance by making passive avoidance a subset of the class “inhibit-attentive-responses,” while the physiological hypothesis was generalized from both anatomical and physiological data to show that the inhibit-attentive and passive-avoidance classes of phenomena have an extensive physiological substrate similar to the Papez circuit. The precision of control over the initiation and maintenance of attentive behaviors was hypothesized to be a function of these inhibitory capacities. The hypotheses were discussed in relation to the literature in order to demonstrate their use.

Substance P enhancement of passive and active avoidance conditioning in mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Schlesinger ◽  
David U. Lipsitz ◽  
Patricia L. Peck ◽  
Mary Ann Pelleymounter ◽  
John M. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Passive And Active Avoidance ◽  
Active Avoidance Conditioning

Developmental aspects of passive and active avoidance learning in rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Riccio ◽  
Michael Rohrbaugh ◽  
Louis A. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Passive And Active Avoidance

Effects of asiatic acid on passive and active avoidance task in male Spraque–Dawley rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Nasir ◽  
M. Habsah ◽  
I. Zamzuri ◽  
G. Rammes ◽  
J. Hasnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Active Avoidance Task ◽  
Passive And Active Avoidance

Benzodiazepines and barbiturates in passive and active avoidance spatial tasks

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Barbanoj ◽  
P. Gallur ◽  
W. Salazar ◽  
A. Tobeña
Keyword(s):  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Passive And Active Avoidance

scholarly journals Behavioural inhibition and valuation of gain/loss are neurally distinct from approach/withdrawal

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McNaughton ◽  
Philip J. Corr
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Goal Conflict ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Behavioural Inhibition System ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Abstract Gain or omission/termination of loss produces approach; while loss or omission/termination of gain produces withdrawal. Control of approach/withdrawal motivation is distinct from valuation of gain/loss and does not entail learning – making “reward” and “punishment” ambiguous. Approach-withdrawal goal conflict engages a neurally distinct Behavioural Inhibition System, which controls “anxiety” (conflict/passive avoidance) but not “fear” (withdrawal/active avoidance).

scholarly journals Effect of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin on Learning and Memory in Rats with Diazepam-Induced Amnesia

Folia Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T. Georgieva-Kotetarova ◽  
Ivanka I. Kostadinova
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Active Avoidance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Avoidance Test ◽  
Avoidance Tests ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Active Avoidance Test

ABSTRACT During the past decade, evidence has emerged that statins have neuroprotective effects. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on learning and memory in rats with diazepam-induced amnesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on 48 white male Wistar rats, divided into 6 groups, each of 8 rats. The experimental animals were treated per os for 14 days with atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg body weight, respectively. To induce amnesia diazepam was administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw. Cognitive skills of the animals were examined after the induction of amnesia with active avoidance test using autonomic reflex conditioner (shuttle box) and passive avoidance tests (step-through and step down) (Ugo Basile, Italy). The following parameters were assessed: number of conditioned responses (avoidances), number of unconditioned responses (escapes) and number of intertrial crossings in the active avoidance test; latency of reactions was measured in the passive avoidance tests. RESULTS: We found a significant increase of conditioned responses in atorvastatin treated animals (in a dose of 10 mg/kg bw) in active avoidance training. In the animals treated with rosuvastatin in both doses there was a statistically significant increase of unconditioned responses. In the step-through passive avoidance test there was significant improvement of short-term and long-term memory following administration of atorvastatin (10 mg/kg bw). Rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg bw) preserves long-term memory. In the step-down passive avoidance test, atorvastatin (10 mg/kg bw) and rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg bw and 20 mg/kg bw) preserve long-term memory. CONCLUSIONS: Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg bw) and rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg bw) improve cognitive functions in rats with diazepam-induced amnesia and preserve longterm memory.

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