Secondary Reinforcement and Stimulus Change

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Vacher ◽  
James N. Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Conditioning Extinction

Forty-eight rats were tested in conditioning, extinction and spontaneous recovery with levels of response-produced light or no light across the factors. The results indicated that response-produced light is rewarding as a function of its novelty when presented during the test for spontaneous recovery. Light presented in extinction depressed responding in recovery, an effect which was inhibited when light was presented during conditioning.

Prefrontal cortical contributions during discriminative fear conditioning, extinction, and spontaneous recovery in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Zelinski ◽  
Nancy S. Hong ◽  
Amanda V. Tyndall ◽  
Brett Halsall ◽  
Robert J. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Discriminative Fear Conditioning ◽  
Conditioning Extinction

Delay of Shock-Escape with and without Stimulus Change

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Jesse B. Milby
Keyword(s):  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Shock Termination ◽  
Control Procedure ◽  
Escape Conditioning ◽  
Background Stimulus ◽  
Shock Escape ◽  
Secondary Reinforcing

Effects of a stimulus change presented with delay of shock-escape were examined in escape conditioning. Where a stimulus change occurred with the delay, greater response rates were found before delay and lower rates during the delay. Results are interpreted as providing evidence for the efficacy of a stimulus change in maintaining behavior with delay of negative reinforcement. Results are consistent with an information account of secondary reinforcement. Data from a control procedure suggest the possibility that stimuli paired with shock termination might have two opposite properties, secondary reinforcing and conditioced aversive, depending upon the background stimulus conditions prevailing at testing.

Spontaneous Recovery Interpreted as Opportunity for Extinction

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Hugh V. Angle
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Response Recovery

Selected events initiated sessions of fixed-ratio 10 training for 3 rats. These events were eliminated during 14 extinction sessions. In the following 3 extinction sessions, the early session events occurred as secondary reinforcement after every tenth bar response. 2 Ss demonstrated response recovery. In the next 6 extinction sessions with the same 3 Ss, the early session events occurred after every fifth bar response. The response rate increased for all Ss. The results indicate that an extinguished response rate is sensitive to events associated with the start of the training session. These events suggest a possible explanation of the phenomenon of spontaneous recovery.

Secondary reinforcement based on stimulus-change primary reinforcement.

1961 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
Carl L. Roberts ◽  
Kenneth E. Lebow ◽  
Robert M. Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Primary Reinforcement
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