The Bid–Ask Bias and the Size Effect: A Test of the Blume–Stambaugh Bid–Ask Bias Effect Hypothesis

CFA Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Effect Hypothesis

scholarly journals Is There a “Gestalt Bias” in Indulgence? Subjectively Constructing Food Units Into Wholes (vs. Parts) Increases Desire to Eat and Actual Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Joye ◽  
Sabrina Bruyneel ◽  
Bob M. Fennis
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
Perceptual Unit ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Food Portions

In the present work we extend research into the unit bias effect and its extension—the portion size effect—by demonstrating the existence of a “Gestalt bias.” Drawing on the tenets of Gestalt psychology, we show that a unit bias effect can be observed for food portions that are composed of identical basic units, but which are subjectively grouped into, or perceived as a Gestalt—a larger whole. In three studies, we find that such subjectively constructed food wholes constitute a new (perceptual) unit that is perceived bigger than the units it is constructed from, thereby prompting increased eating and desire to eat.

scholarly journals An examination of board size effect in a relationship-oriented system: Evidence from Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Sakawa ◽  
Naoki Watanabel
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Japanese Firm ◽  
Outside Directors ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Effect Hypothesis ◽  
Oriented System

This paper examines whether or not board size effect hypothesis exist in Japan. We make two points about it. First, board size effect exists in Japanese firm which adopt the relationshiporiented system. Second, banks take a part of effective monitoring as stockholder, but do not take it as outside directors.

scholarly journals Is There a “Gestalt Bias” in Indulgence? Subjectively Constructing Food Units into Wholes (Versus Parts) Increases Desire to Eat and Actual Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Joye ◽  
Sabrina Bruyneel ◽  
Bob M Fennis
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Gestalt Psychology ◽  
Perceptual Unit ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Food Portions

In the present work we extend research into the unit bias effect and its extension—the portion size effect—by demonstrating the existence of a “Gestalt bias.” Drawing on the tenets of Gestalt psychology, we show that a unit bias effect can be observed for food portions that are composed of identical basic units, but which are subjectively grouped into, or perceived as a Gestalt—a larger whole. In three studies, we find that such subjectively constructed food wholes constitute a new (perceptual) unit that is perceived bigger than the units it is constructed from, thereby prompting increased eating and desire to eat.

Strength of Discourse Context as a Determinant of the Subordinate Bias Effect

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Martin ◽  
Hoang Vu ◽  
George Kellas ◽  
Kimberly Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Bias Effect ◽  
Discourse Context

I Saw That

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Sarah Kramer ◽  
Kaitlin M. Lewin ◽  
Allison S. Romano ◽  
Brian P. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
White Men ◽  
Bias Effect

Abstract. The shooter bias effect reveals that individuals are quicker to “shoot” armed Black (vs. White) men and slower to “not shoot” unarmed Black (vs. White) men in a computer task. In three studies ( N = 386), we examined whether being observed would reduce this effect because of social desirability concerns. Participants completed a “shooting” task with or without a camera/live observer supposedly recording behavior. Cameras were strapped to participants’ heads (Studies 1a/1b) and pointed at them (Study 1b). In Study 2, a researcher observed participants complete the task while “filming” them with a smartphone. We replicated the shooter bias, but observation only reduced the effect in Study 2. These results reveal that being observed can reduce the shooter bias effect.

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