DuFeNet: Improve the Accuracy and Increase Shape Bias of Neural Network Models

In image classification field, existing work tends to modify the network structure to obtain higher accuracy or faster speed. However, some studies have found that the neural network usually has texture bias effect, which means that the neural network is more sensitive to the texture information than the shape information. Based on such phenomenon, we propose a new way to improve network performance by making full use of gradient information. The dual features network (DuFeNet) is proposed in this paper. In DuFeNet, one sub-network is used to learn the information of gradient features, and the other is a traditional neural network with texture bias. The structure of DuFeNet is easy to implement in the original neural network structure. The experimental results clearly show that DuFeNet can achieve better accuracy in image classification and detection. It can increase the shape bias of the network adapted to human visual perception. Besides, DuFeNet can be used without modifying the structure of the original network at lower additional parameters cost.

The Effect of Genderism on the Process and the Product of Translation

Many studies have been made and still concerning the field of translation. Since the mid-90's a considerable amount of researches has tackled the problem of gender and its effect on the process and the product of translation. Simon (1996, p 508) points out that when comparing women and men as translators and writers through history, women seem to be the weaker side. This paves the way to feminist movements which produce prominent studies concerning gender as a concept and translator's gender as practice on the quality and the accuracy of the translation. Flotow (in Meschia, 2012, p 1-4) outlines several issues that can be examined concerning gender and translation, these are historical studies, theoretical contemplations, translator's identity, post-colonial questions, and cultural questions. This research deals with two aspects of identity, i.e. gender: the gender of the translator (and its effect on the translation if there is any) and the gender of the evaluator of the translated text (and its effect if there is any). The aim of this paper is to find out whether there is any negative influence of the identity on the process and the product of translation. For this purpose, 40 students from the Department of Translation at Al-Ma'moon College University, in addition to 20 postgraduate, have been asked to assess and analyze through a questionnaire (that tackles the identity of both translator and evaluator) and an assessment of Shakespeare's Sonnet (no. 18) and four translated versions of it. The study remarkably shows that the gender-bias effect of the identity of the translator and the evaluator have an influence on students with 12.5% for undergraduate and 5% for postgraduate students. The majority of 87.5% and 95% believe that gender does not affect. This proves the research's hypothesis that there is a difference in the language of the two genders, yet it will not affect the gender of both of the translator and the evaluator.

The positive exchange bias property with hopping switching behavior in van der Waals magnet FeGeTe

The magnetic exchange bias effect is one of the representative interlayer magnetic coupling phenomena and is widely utilized in numerous technological applications. However, its mechanism is still elusive even in a simple magnetic bilayered system because of the complex interface magnetic orders. Van der Waals layered magnetic materials may provide an essential platform for deeply understanding the detailed mechanism of the exchange bias owing to its ideal interface structure. Here we first observed the positive exchange-biased anomalous Hall effect (AHE) with a hopping switching behavior in the FeGeTe Van der Waals nano-flakes. After systemically studying the cooling field dependence properties of the exchange bias effect, we propose that the coexistence of stable and frustrated surface magnetization of the antiferromagnetic phase will modify the total interface coupling energy density between the ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases. This model could provide a consistent description for such unusual exchange bias effect based on microspin simulation.

Observation of giant exchange bias effect in Ni-Mn-Ti all-d-metal Heusler alloy

We report a giant exchange bias (EB) field of about 3.68 KOe during field cooled process in all-d-metal Ni40(FeCo)4Mn36Ti20 Heusler alloy. The study of magnetic memory effect and isothermal magnetic relaxation processes suggest that the giant EB field arises due to the possible coexistence of antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) phase exchange interaction in the studied system at temperatures below 35 K. Furthermore, the temperature and cooling field dependence of EB effect are analyzed which are related to the change in unidirectional anisotropy at FM/AFM interface. The study of a well-established training effect confirms the intrinsic nature of the observed EB behavior. This result will open up a new way towards the development of EB materials considering all-d-metal Heusler alloy systems.

Does diacritics‐based lexical disambiguation modulate word frequency, length, and predictability effects? An eye‐movements investigation of processing Arabic diacritics

In Arabic, a predominantly consonantal script that features a high incidence of lexical ambiguity (heterophonic homographs), glyph-like marks called diacritics supply vowel information that clarifies how each consonant should be pronounced, and thereby disambiguate the pronunciation of consonantal strings. Diacritics are typically omitted from print except in situations where a particular homograph is not sufficiently disambiguated by the surrounding context. In three experiments we investigated whether the presence of disambiguating diacritics on target homographs modulates word frequency, length, and predictability effects during reading. In all experiments, the subordinate representation of the target homographs was instantiated by the diacritics (in the diacritized conditions), and by the context subsequent to the target homographs. The results replicated the effects of word frequency (Experiment 1), word length (Experiment 2), and predictability (Experiment 3). However, there was no evidence that diacritics-based disambiguation modulated these effects in the current study. Rather, diacritized targets in all experiments attracted longer first pass and later (go past and/or total fixation count) processing. These costs are suggested to be a manifestation of the subordinate bias effect. Furthermore, in all experiments, the diacritics-based disambiguation facilitated later sentence processing, relative to when the diacritics were absent. The reported findings expand existing knowledge about processing of diacritics, their contribution towards lexical ambiguity resolution, and sentence processing.

Comparative Analysis of Assessment Systems of Foot Function

Summary. The assessment of foot and ankle function still remains an actual issue of the modern orthopedics. Objective: comparative qualitative analysis of the most common assessment systems of foot and ankle function. Materials and Methods. The search from PubMed databases from 1946 to 2021 was done. 8898 publications were detected in which assessment systems of foot and ankle function have been used. 12 assessment systems presented in 5705 publications were selected for analysis (inclusion criterion – no less than 40 publications): AOFAS scale, VAS, SF-36 EQL, FFI, FAOS, FAAM, FADI, BFS, MOFAQ, FFI-R, Roles&Maudsley scale, VAS FA. The analysis predicted the assessment system philosophy: numerical estimate, VAS, Likert scale, patient- or investigatororiented, and reliability evidence. Results. Most of the analized assessment systems meet criteria of reliability (r>0.8; Kronbach’s α≥0.9). For Roles&Maudsley scale and VAS, FA reliability has not been established. The validity fluctuates widely. Conclusions. The choice of an assessment system must meet the research tasks. The consideration of strong and weak sides of assessment systems promotes their adequate combinations to avoid the bias effect.

Anecdotal Bias in Capital Allocation Depends on Anecdote Similarity

Previous research found that anecdotes are more persuasive than statistical data—the anecdotal bias effect. Separate research found that anecdotes that are similar to a target problem are more influential on decision-making than dissimilar anecdotes. Further, previous investigations on anecdotal bias primarily focused on medical decision-making with very little focus on business decision-making. Therefore, we investigated the effect of anecdote similarity on anecdotal bias in capital allocation decisions. Participants were asked to allocate a hypothetical budget between two business projects. One of the projects (the target project) was clearly superior in terms of the provided statistical measures, but some of the participants also saw a description of a project with a conflicting outcome (the anecdotal project). This anecdotal project was always from the same industry as the target project. The anecdote description, however, either contained substantive connections to the target or not. Further, the anecdote conflicted with the statistical measures because it was either successful (positive anecdote) or unsuccessful (negative anecdote). The results showed that participants’ decisions were influenced by anecdotes only when they believed that they were actually relevant to the target project. Further, they still incorporated the statistical measures into their decision. This was found for both positive and negative anecdotes. Further, participants were given information about the way that the anecdotes were sampled that suggested that the statistical information should have been used in all cases. Participants did not use this information in their decisions and still showed an anecdotal bias effect. Therefore, people seem to appropriately use anecdotes based on their relevance, but do not understand the implications of certain statistical concepts.

Exchange Bias Effect in LaFeO3: La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 Composite Thin Films

Composite thin films arouse great interests owing to the multifunctionalities and heterointerface induced physical property tailoring. The exchange bias effect aroused from the ferromagnetic (FM)–antiferromagnetic (AFM) heterointerface is applicable in various applications such as magnetic storage. In this work, (LaFeO3)x:(La0.7Ca0.3MnO3)1−x composite thin films have been deposited via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and the exchange bias effect was investigated. In such system, LaFeO3 (LFO) is an antiferromagnet while La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (LCMO) is a ferromagnet, which results in the exchange bias interfacial coupling at the FM/AFM interface. The composition variation of the two phases could lead to the exchange bias field (HEB) tuning in the composite system. This work demonstrates a new composite thin film system with FM-AFM interfacial exchange coupling, which could be applied in various spintronic applications.