scholarly journals Two-year impact of single praziquantel treatment on infection in the national control programme on schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seydou Toure
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Praziquantel Treatment ◽  
National Control ◽  
National Control Programme

scholarly journals Two-year longitudinal survey reveals high genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni with adult worms surviving praziquantel treatment at the start of mass drug administration in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Faust ◽  
Marco Crotti ◽  
Arinaitwe Moses ◽  
David Oguttu ◽  
Aidah Wamboko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Praziquantel Treatment ◽  
National Control ◽  
National Control Programme

Abstract Background A key component of schistosomiasis control is mass drug administration with praziquantel. While control interventions have been successful in several endemic regions, mass drug administration has been less effective in others. Here we focus on the impact of repeated praziquantel treatment on the population structure and genetic diversity of Schistosoma mansoni. Methods We examined S. mansoni epidemiology, population genetics, and variation in praziquantel susceptibility in parasites isolated from children across three primary schools in a high endemicity region at the onset of the Ugandan National Control Programme. Children were sampled at 11 timepoints over two years, including one week and four weeks post-praziquantel treatment to evaluate short-term impacts on clearance and evidence of natural variation in susceptibility to praziquantel. Results Prevalence of S. mansoni was 85% at baseline. A total of 3576 miracidia larval parasites, isolated from 203 individual children, were genotyped at seven loci. Overall, genetic diversity was high and there was low genetic differentiation, indicating high rates of parasite gene flow. Schistosome siblings were found both pre-treatment and four weeks post-treatment, demonstrating adult worms surviving treatment and natural praziquantel susceptibility variation in these populations at the beginning of mass drug administration. However, we did not find evidence for selection on these parasites. While genetic diversity decreased in the short-term (four weeks post-treatment), diversity did not decrease over the entire period despite four rounds of mass treatment. Furthermore, within-host genetic diversity was affected by host age, host sex, infection intensity and recent praziquantel treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggest that praziquantel treatments have short-term impacts on these parasite populations but impacts were transient and no long-term reduction in genetic diversity was observed. High gene flow reduces the likelihood of local adaptation, so even though parasites surviving treatment were observed, these were likely to be diluted at the beginning of the Ugandan National Control Programme. Together, these results suggest that MDA in isolation may be insufficient to reduce schistosome populations in regions with high genetic diversity and gene flow.

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis in pre-school aged children: a pilot survey in Marolambo District, Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Sheehy ◽  
Heather Lawson ◽  
Emmanuel H. Andriamasy ◽  
Hannah J. Russell ◽  
Alice Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Technical Guidance ◽  
National Control ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis ◽  
National Control Programme

AbstractSchool-aged children (SAC) have a considerable burden of intestinal schistosomiasis in Madagascar yet its burden in pre-school aged children (PSAC) is currently overlooked. To assess the at-risk status of PSAC, we undertook a pilot epidemiological survey in June 2019 examining children (n = 89), aged 2–4-years of balanced gender, in six remote villages in Marolambo District, Madagascar. Diagnosis included use of urine-circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks and coproscopy of stool with duplicate Kato-Katz (K-K) thick smears. Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis by urine-CCA was 67.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 56.5–77.2%) and 35.0% (95% CI: 24.7–46.5%) by K-K. The relationship between faecal eggs per gram (epg) and urine-CCA G-scores (G1 to G10) was assessed by linear regression modelling, finding for every increment in G-score, epg increased by 20.4 (6.50–34.4, P = 0.006). Observed proportions of faecal epg intensities were light (78.6%), moderate (17.9%) and heavy (3.6%). Soil-transmitted helminthiasis was noted, prevalence of ascariasis was 18.8% and trichuriasis was 33.8% (hookworm was not reported). Co-infection of intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis occurred in 36.3% of PSAC. These results provide solid evidence highlighting the overlooked burden of intestinal schistosomiasis in PSAC, and they also offer technical  guidance for better surveillance data for the Madagascan national control programme.

Population dynamics in echinococcosis and cysticercosis: comparison of the response of Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia hydatigena and T. ovis to control

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Gemmell ◽  
J. R. Lawson ◽  
M. G. Roberts ◽  
B. R. Kerin ◽  
C. J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Taenia Hydatigena ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
National Control ◽  
National Control Programme ◽  
Methods Of Control

SUMMARYA comparative study has been made of the progress in the control of ovine echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus and the ovine cysticercoses caused by Taenia hydatigena and T. ovis in New Zealand. The methods of control included an educational and a dog-dosing programme. In the Styx field trial, the Otago/Southland Surveillance Programme and the national control programme, E. granulosus declined towards extinction. In contrast, this same control effort transformed the cysticercoses from hyper-endemic to endemic status with focal epidemics. In this unstable state, the density-dependent constraint was negligible and superinfection occurred.

National control programme for Salmonella in pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 169 (15) ◽  
pp. 396-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Paiba ◽  
D. Armstrong ◽  
A. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Control Programme ◽  
National Control ◽  
National Control Programme

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic monitoring of Schistosoma mansoni in Tanzanian schoolchildren five years into a preventative chemotherapy national control programme

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Gower ◽  
Florian Gehre ◽  
Sara R. Marques ◽  
Poppy H. L. Lamberton ◽  
Nicholas J. Lwambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
National Control ◽  
National Control Programme

scholarly journals Buruli Ulcer in Cameroon: The Development and Impact of the National Control Programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0004224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earnest Njih Tabah ◽  
Dickson Shey Nsagha ◽  
Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kanyi Bissek ◽  
Alfred Kongnyu Njamnshi ◽  
Martin W. Bratschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
National Control ◽  
National Control Programme

National control programme for Salmonella in pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 168 (21) ◽  
pp. 569-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Paiba ◽  
D. Armstrong ◽  
A. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Control Programme ◽  
National Control ◽  
National Control Programme
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