COVID-19 social distancing measures and informal urban settlements

Generally regarded as social phenomena, this paper regards slum urbanisation as an environmental actor. Specifically, how slum developments modify hydrogeomorphological processes motivates this research. Using the Bang Pakong River, eastern Thailand, as a case study, a literature review was conducted. The literature reviewed indicated changes in physical processes such as channel bank stability, water quality, flow regimes and the hydrological balance equations can occur with slum development. Given the importance of channel banks as the physical basis of many slum sites, this paper focuses on the possible changes to channel bank storage in the Bang Pakong River following slum urbanisation. The research highlights possible changes to channel bank storage processes, notably decreased storage recharge rates; increased anthropogenic extraction; and probable water quality deterioration. Deeper scientific understanding of how river processes are affected by specific forms of urban development can contribute to better management of both informal urban settlements and rivers.

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The Quest for Water, Rights and Freedoms: Informal Urban Settlements in India

International Journal of Urban and Regional Research ◽

10.1111/1468-2427.12708 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1080-1095

Author(s):

Francesco M. Gimelli ◽

Briony C. Rogers ◽

Joannette J. Bos

Keyword(s):

Water Rights ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

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The implications of point source phosphorus management to potable water treatment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0158 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 343-350

Author(s):

Ralph G. Heath ◽

Machiel C. Steynberg ◽

Rita Guglielmi ◽

Annelie L. Maritz

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

South African ◽

Water Intake ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Algal Species ◽

Raw Water ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

The Vaal River Barrage reservoir is an important source of raw water for Rand Water which supplies at least 10 million people with drinking water daily. Return effluents from waste water treatment works, industries and informal urban settlements in the catchment has resulted in algal problems in the raw water and treatment process. In order to attempt to reduce the effect of eutrophication of South African inland water quality the Department of Water Affairs implemented in 1985 a 1 mg/l ortho-phosphate standard for waste water treatment works effluents. The amount of phosphate originating from the waste treatment works decreased significantly over the 10 years after the standard was implemented even though 40% of the time the works do not comply to the standard. This has resulted in no significant change in the chlorophyll values at Rand Water Intake No. 1. The algal species composition has changed with blue-greens becoming more dominant which has resulted in a higher incidence of algal related problems. The stabilizing of the chlorophyll values is not only as a result of lower ortho-phosphate levels but also due to residence times, turbidity and conductivity. To further reduce the algal concentrations at Rand Water Intake No. 1 the 1 mg/l ortho-phosphate standard will have to be enforced, the standard possibly reduced and diffuse sources managed on a catchment basis.

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Utility-small water enterprise partnerships: serving informal urban settlements in Africa

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2004.0029 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 443-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Cyrus Njiru

Keyword(s):

Water Utilities ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Water Services ◽

Water And Sanitation ◽

Sanitation Services ◽

Small Water ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Quality Water ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

Sustainable development cannot be realised when a large proportion of people do not have access to improved water services. Indeed, despite concerted international effort and publicity made in the last two decades to increase coverage of improved water and sanitation services, the number of people without improved water and sanitation services continues to increase. Water utilities are not serving a large proportion of the urban population and small water enterprises (SWEs) have moved to fill the gap. This paper looks at the growing urban water problem and outlines the role played by SWEs in providing water services to those un-served or under-served by water utilities. Typical constraints faced by SWEs are outlined and the rationale for developing utility–SWE partnerships for the benefit of water consumers (customers) is provided. Potential opportunities for developing utility-SWE partnerships are discussed. The paper argues that utility-SWE partnerships can enable SWEs to provide affordable good quality water services to customers, while providing benefit to the utility and thus also assisting the utility to meet its mandate. The paper proposes win–win utility-SWEs partnerships aimed at achieving the objectives of utilities and SWEs while improving water services to customers in informal urban settlements of developing countries, with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa.

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Object-based image analysis and data mining for building ontology of informal urban settlements

10.1117/12.974444 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dejrriri Khelifa ◽

Malki Mimoun

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Image Analysis ◽

Object Based Image Analysis ◽

Object Based ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

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Childhood vaccination in informal urban settlements in Nairobi, Kenya: Who gets vaccinated?

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-11-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Martin K Mutua ◽

Elizabeth Kimani-Murage ◽

Remare R Ettarh

Keyword(s):

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

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The effect of education on household food security in two informal urban settlements in Kenya: a longitudinal analysis

Food Security ◽

10.1007/s12571-016-0589-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 743-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Maurice Mutisya ◽

Moses W. Ngware ◽

Caroline W. Kabiru ◽

Ngianga-bakwin Kandala

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Longitudinal Analysis ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Household Food ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

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Meeting WASH SDG6: insights from everyday practices in Dar es Salaam

Environment and Urbanization ◽

10.1177/0956247820957280 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 095624782095728

Author(s):

Pascale Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variations ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Local Data ◽

Everyday Practices ◽

Poor Women ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Changing Practices ◽

Policy And Planning ◽

Informal Urban Settlements

While existing datasets and statistics provide a useful indication of progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, they are far from accurate and sufficient. There is a need for new and more disaggregated data to shed light on unequal service provision patterns, particularly for many informal urban settlements. This paper aims to address this need through a granular space and time-based examination of the diverse everyday practices in two lower-income settlements of Dar es Salaam. The findings reveal spatial and temporal variations at the inter- and intra-settlement scale while tracing differential and changing practices among poor women and men. The in-depth case study exposes important blind spots in policy and planning, provides wider lessons for achieving more equal and sustainable access to services and developing more responsive policy and planning approaches, and emphasizes the value of local data collection.

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