Potential impacts of slum urbanisation on channel bank storage in the Bang Pakong River, Thailand

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Harriden
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Recharge Rates ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration ◽  
Informal Urban Settlements ◽  
Storage Processes

Generally regarded as social phenomena, this paper regards slum urbanisation as an environmental actor. Specifically, how slum developments modify hydrogeomorphological processes motivates this research. Using the Bang Pakong River, eastern Thailand, as a case study, a literature review was conducted. The literature reviewed indicated changes in physical processes such as channel bank stability, water quality, flow regimes and the hydrological balance equations can occur with slum development. Given the importance of channel banks as the physical basis of many slum sites, this paper focuses on the possible changes to channel bank storage in the Bang Pakong River following slum urbanisation. The research highlights possible changes to channel bank storage processes, notably decreased storage recharge rates; increased anthropogenic extraction; and probable water quality deterioration. Deeper scientific understanding of how river processes are affected by specific forms of urban development can contribute to better management of both informal urban settlements and rivers.

scholarly journals Review on Main Issues Causing Deterioration of Water Quality and Water Scarcity: Case Study of South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kapuku Bwapwa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Waste Discharge ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration ◽  
Growing Population

Water shortage in South Africa is a mixture of many factors: limited and highly polluted watercourses, low rainfall, fast growing population and high evaporation rates. Many studies on watercourses have shown a decline on quality due to the ongoing pollution caused by urbanization, mining, industry, power generation, afforestation and agriculture. Given the current forecasts based on population growth versus the country’s limited water resources, it is unlikely to keep existing patterns regarding the use of water and the discharge of wastes. Predictions are also indicating that pollutants will continue to accumulate in freshwater resources independently of the population growth in South Africa. Issues associated with water quality can turn out to be worsened with environmental devastating consequences. For instance, in the agricultural sector it may lead to a drop in yields and quality for fruits and crops followed by soil contamination. It can harmfully affect the population and aquatic health. Furthermore, water quality deterioration can affect the costs related to purification processes resulting in an increased price of clean water. Human induced activities causing salinization, eutrophication, acidification, presence of pathogens in watercourses, inappropriate waste discharge practices and sewage spills are major causes influencing or deteriorating water quality in South Africa. 

Water quality decay modelling in hydraulic pressure systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pirozzi ◽  
D. Pianese ◽  
G. d'Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Chlorine Decay

A mathematical model able to evaluate water quality variations in complex hydraulic pressure systems has been developed. The model consists of a set of mass balance equations for tanks, pipes and nodes. It has been applied to predict chlorine concentration inside a case-study water network described in literature by using different expressions of chlorine decay coefficients, obtained in laboratory tests and expressed as a function of the residence time of water in pipes, the initial chlorine concentration, the history and temperature of water. The results showed little variations of the chlorine concentrations and the need to calibrate the parameters of chlorine decay coefficients expressions on full scale hydraulic systems.

scholarly journals Meeting WASH SDG6: insights from everyday practices in Dar es Salaam

2020 ◽  
pp. 095624782095728
Author(s):  
Pascale Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Changing Practices ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Informal Urban Settlements

While existing datasets and statistics provide a useful indication of progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, they are far from accurate and sufficient. There is a need for new and more disaggregated data to shed light on unequal service provision patterns, particularly for many informal urban settlements. This paper aims to address this need through a granular space and time-based examination of the diverse everyday practices in two lower-income settlements of Dar es Salaam. The findings reveal spatial and temporal variations at the inter- and intra-settlement scale while tracing differential and changing practices among poor women and men. The in-depth case study exposes important blind spots in policy and planning, provides wider lessons for achieving more equal and sustainable access to services and developing more responsive policy and planning approaches, and emphasizes the value of local data collection.

scholarly journals The missing politics of urban vulnerability: The state and the co-production of climate risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2835-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arabella Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Urban Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Political Commitments ◽  
Urban Risk ◽  
Informal Urban Settlements

Studies of urban disaster and climate change risk have increasingly invoked governmentality as a theoretical frame for understanding how urban risk governance functions. This article argues that the use of governmentality in this context can advance political readings of urban vulnerability to climate risk. However, using the idiom of co-production from Science and Technology Studies, I question current treatments of the politics of expertise in the urban risk governance literature, highlighting the need to understand the political commitments and practices that shape the implementation of purportedly technical risk knowledge and their particular manifestation in the context of informal, urban settlements. A case study from Bogota, Colombia, links the science and practice of state risk management to vulnerability outcomes in informal urban settlements. It shows how a new suite of qualitative methodological approaches are revealing of the power-knowledge dynamics in governance that influence vulnerability, and their differential social effects.

An integrated model for simulating and diagnosing the water quality based on the system dynamics and Bayesian network

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2639-2655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengzhe Wang ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Qiao Kang ◽  
Haiyan Duan ◽  
Xian'En Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Songhua River ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
Quality Deterioration ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

An integrated model for simulating and diagnosing water quality based on the system dynamics and Bayesian network (BN) is presented in the paper. The research aims to connect water monitoring downstream with outlet management upstream in order to present an efficiency outlet management strategy. The integrated model was built from two components: the system dynamics were used to simulate the water quality and the BN was applied to diagnose the reason for water quality deterioration according to the water quality simulation. The integrated model was applied in a case study of the Songhua River from the Baiqi section to the Songlin section to prove its reasonability and accuracy. The results showed that the simulation fit to the variation trend of monitoring data, and the average relative error was less than 10%. The water quality deterioration in the Songlin section was mainly found to be caused by the water quality in the upper reach and Hadashan Reservoir drain by using the diagnosis function of the integrated model based on BN. The relevant result revealed that the integrated model could provide reasonable and quantitative support for the basin manager to make a reasonable outlet control strategy to avoid more serious water quality deterioration.

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