scholarly journals Seed orchards in Ukraine: past, present and prospects for the future

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-298
Author(s):  
Yuriy Hayda ◽  
Svitlana Los ◽  
Roman Yatsyk ◽  
Larisa Tereshchenko ◽  
Grygoriy Shlonchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
English Oak ◽  
Genetic Value

Abstract The seed orchards (SO) serve possibilities to collect seeds from the selected genotypes or to create artificial population throughout the controlled crossing of the target genotypes. Therefore, the seed material obtained from the clonal and seedling seed orchards offers unique opportunity to improve the genetic value of seeds. Thus, the seed orchards are considered as an important part of the forest seed base being the key object for both modern forestry and forestry research. This paper outlines the forest breeding activities associated with the seed production in the seed orchards in Ukraine over the last 70 years. During this period, the different aspects related to the establishment and management of the seed orchard were studied. In these processes, many failures had occurred, their causes and consequences were described. These main breeding activities were reported considering plain and mountain regions of Ukraine as well as specific aspects of the reproduction of the main forest tree species. As of 2019, the total area of the clonal seed orchards (CSO) reached 1040.3 ha, while seedling seed orchards (SSO) only 273.7 ha. The results of research on the growth, reproductive development, the morphology of the plus trees clones in the SO were generalized. The article on the current problems and challenges for Ukrainian forestry mainly related to forest tree breeding and there was also focus on forest seed industry. For the main forest trees species (Scots pine, English oak and other), targeted breeding programs should be developed. It is relevant to create the genetic bank of the forest seeds.

scholarly journals Utilizing Conjoint Analysis to Develop Breeding Objectives for the Improvement of Pasture Species for Contrasting Environments When the Relative Values of Individual Traits Are Difficult to Assess

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin F. Smith ◽  
Peter F. Fennessy
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Breeding Objectives ◽  
Relative Potential

<p>Despite the large number of active programs breeding improved forage plants, relatively little is known about the weightings that breeders consciously or sub-consciously give to specific traits when selecting individual plants, or that agronomists and producers use when assessing the relative merits of contrasting cultivars. This is in contrast to most modern animal breeding programs where the relative merits of novel genetics may be assessed against an index-based breeding objective. There are numbers of reasons why these technologies have not been used widely in plant breeding although applications in forest tree breeding are relatively common. A first step in defining breeding objectives for forage species can be to define the relative importance of specific traits and to interpret how these contribute to the relative potential advantage to a new plant or cultivar. One method of defining these weightings is through surveys of users followed by analyses of their combined experience. Therefore in this study, we have assessed the usefulness of discrete choice techniques in the development of weightings for specific traits in forage plant improvement based on views of both expert users (agronomists and farm consultants) and farmers who were asked to define their relative priorities when considering the renovation of a pasture. The surveys were conducted in three distinct regions of, or environments within, Australia of special relevance to meat production from beef and sheep (high rainfall, temperate (inland), and Mediterranean). In summary this study defines the focus of breeding objectives and selection criteria for different pasture species across production systems.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of Clonal Testing on the Efficiency of Genomic Evaluation in Forest Tree Breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Stejskal ◽  
Jaroslav Klápště ◽  
Jaroslav Čepl ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
Milan Lstibůrek
Keyword(s):  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Through stochastic simulations, accuracies of breeding values and response to selection were assessed under traditional pedigree- (BLUP) and genomic-based evaluation methods (GBLUP) in forest tree breeding. The latter provides a methodological foundation for genomic selection. We evaluated the impact of clonal replication in progeny testing on the response to selection realized in seed orchards under variable marker density and target effective population sizes. We found that clonal replication in progeny trials boosted selection accuracy, thus provided additional genetic gains under BLUP. While a similar trend was observed for GBLUP, however, the added gains did not surpass those under BLUP. Therefore, breeding programs deploying extensive progeny testing with clonal propagation might not benefit from the deployment of genomic information. These findings could be helpful in the context of operational breeding programs.

Tissue Culture in Forestry: Economic and Genetic Potential

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Hasnain ◽  
William Cheliak
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Potential

Vegetative propagation of Canadian conifers by tissue culture methods will allow the exploitation of the maximum genetic gain achieved in forest tree breeding programs. Tissue culture could provide a much more rapid means for delivering the genetic gain achieved to the commercial forests. Key Words: Forestry, biotechnology, plant tissue culutre, genetics, tree improvement.

Simulation of hybrid forest tree breeding strategies

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Kerr ◽  
M J Dieters ◽  
B Tier ◽  
H S Dungey
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Forest Tree Breeding ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Pure Species

Computer simulation is the only realistic method of evaluating alternative methods of breeding hybrid forest trees. Empirical tests would be very long term and expensive. This paper describes the development of a simulation program, called XSIM, which generates two different but closely related outcrossing tree species. The genetic correlation between performance in each parental species and performance in the resulting hybrid can be set, in addition to the amounts and types of variances in each parental species. The breeding strategies available for testing include conventional reciprocal recurrent selection, reciprocal recurrent selection with forward selection, recurrent selection within each pure species, and the creation of a synthetic species. XSIM allows the strategies to be compared using the same base populations, equivalent selection intensities, and comparable mating patterns. Innovative best linear unbiased prediction procedures allow all ancestral and current progeny generation data, from both parental species and the hybrid, to be analysed together. The theoretical basis for the simulation is given, and genetic and statistical models are described. In summary, XSIM allows rigorous comparisons of the strategies in terms of genetic gain per time and provides useful insight into hybrid forest tree breeding.

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