Evaluation of qualitative characteristics of Bali cattle at Bali breeding center

The aim of this study was to identify the qualitative characteristics of Bali cattle at Bali Breeding Center. The samples used were 136 heads. Qualitative data was analysed based on the percentage for each trait and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the characteristic with the highest percentage were brick red for females of Bali cattle (84,81%), black for males Bali cattle (86.66%), dominant thick back line (79.74%) for females, while on males was not clear (86,67%), strict line of body color border with leg (100% for males and 91,14% for females), strict line of body color border with buttocks color (93,33% for males and 88,61% for females), white of edge lips color (95% for males and 93,67% for females), black eyelid color (100%), white ear hair color (males: 100% & females: 96,20%), dark circles on the ears (98.73%), dominant medium wattle for males (93,33%) & small wattle for females (53,16%), upwards horn (males: 100% & females: 94.93%), black tail feathers (males: 100% & females: 98.04%), and no hump (males: 96.66% & females: 100%). The qualitative characteristics of Bali cattle at Bali breeding center were in line with Indonesian National Standard. However, there were deviations and abnormality with a small percentage.

ADAPTABILITY OF INTRODUCED HONEYSUCKLE VARIETIES IN THE PRE-URALS OF BASHKORTOSTAN

The article presents an assessment of the adaptability of introduced varieties of honeysuckle to the conditions of the Pre-Urals of Bashkortostan. The research was carried out at the primary variety study site of the Kushnarenkovsky breeding center of the BNIISKH UFIC RAS. Landing scheme 3.0´1.0 m. 7 varieties were selected as objects: varieties of selection of M.A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture - Zoluska, Galochka, Berel; varieties of YUUNIIPK - Chelyabinka, Chernichka; variety of Bakcharskaya experimental horticulture station - Bakcharskaya. As a control, the variety of the M. A. Lisavenko NIISS - Goluboe vereteno - was taken. The studies were conducted from 2016 to 2020. in accordance with the "Program and methodology of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops". During the study, it was found out that all the studied varieties showed good winter hardiness. In 2017, damage to the apical buds of the winter desiccation type was observed in the varieties Chelyabinka and Zolushka by 23-25%. Dry conditions had a negative impact on productivity, leading to shedding of the ovary, a decrease in the weight of the fruit. The studied varieties differed among themselves in the degree of shedding. The control variety Goluboe vereteno is classified as highly crumbling, the weakly crumbling variety is Zolushka Chelyabinka, Bakcharskaya and the non - crumbling variety is Galochka, Chernichka and Berel. In the varieties Bakcharskaya, Berel and Goluboe vereteno, the extension of terminal buds was noted in the years of research. By weight of one berry, the following varieties were distinguished: Bakcharskaya (0.72 g), Galochka (0.75 g), Chernichka (0.81 g). The Chernichka (2.8 kg per bush) and Galochka (3.1 kg per bush) varieties were distinguished by high yield, on average, for 5 years. In general, the introduced varieties of honeysuckle show high adaptability in the natural and climatic conditions of the Pre-Urals of Bashkortostan.

Development of domestic potato breeding and seed production on the principles of public-private partnership

В последние годы, по данным ФГБУ «Россельхозцентр», доля сертифицированного семенного картофеля сортов зарубежной селекции продолжает возрастать с 77,4% в 2017 году до 86,7% в 2021 году, в то время как доля отечественных сортов снижается с 22,6% в 2017 году до 13,3% в 2021 году. При этом зарубежные селекционно-семеноводческие компании стремятся не только удовлетворить потребности современного рынка, но и способствуют его активному развитию за счет постоянного сортообновления и сортосмены. В отличие от зарубежных, отечественные сорта медленно продвигаются на поля товаропроизводителей и не составляют им конкуренцию. Для повышения конкурентоспособности российских сортов требуется максимальное соответствие отечественных селекционных достижений лучшим зарубежным сортам-аналогам, востребованным на рынке семенного и товарного картофеля. В сложившихся обстоятельствах повышение эффективности селекции с переводом ее на качественно новый уровень возможно реализовать только на основе государственного-частного партнерства. Основа развития отечественной селекции картофеля – организация двух-трех федеральных селекционно-генетических центров с обеспечением их необходимым бюджетным финансированием для выполнения этапа пребридинга или предселекции, включающей скрининг и постоянное обновление генофонда, поиск эффективных доноров хозяйственно полезных признаков, гибридизацию по различным направлениям селекции, освоение биоинженерных технологий и маркер-вспомогательной селекции. Региональных научных учреждений и агропредприятий, позиционируемых в качестве базовых селекционно-семеноводческих центров в количестве 7-8 в России достаточно для создания современных отечественных разработок, соответствующих требованиям рынка и конкурентоспособных с лучшими зарубежными селекционными достижениями. Кооперация федеральных и региональных научно-производственных структур по селекции и семеноводству картофеля представляется таким образом, что основным звеном создания и продвижения новых перспективных сортов становится региональный селекционно-семеноводческий центр, заинтересованный в успешной реализации сорта на рынке семенного и товарного картофеля и способный собирать роялти за его использование. При этом появляется возможность финансовой поддержки науки в лице селекционно-генетических центров на договорных условиях с селекционно-семеноводческими центрами. In recent years, according to the FSBI Rosselkhoznadzor, the share of certified seed potatoes of varieties of foreign selection continues to increase from 77.4% in 2017 to 86.7% in 2021, while the share of domestic varieties decreases from 22.6% in 2017 to 13.3% in 2021. At the same time, foreign seed breeding companies strive not only to meet the needs of the modern market, but also contribute to its active development through constant variety renewal and variety exchange. Unlike foreign varieties, domestic varieties are slowly moving into the fields of commodity producers and do not compete with them. To increase the competitiveness of Russian varieties, maximum compliance of domestic breeding achievements with the best foreign varieties-analogues in demand on the market of seed and commodity potatoes is required. Under the circumstances, it is possible to increase the efficiency of breeding with its transfer to a qualitatively new level only on the basis of public and private partnership. The basis for the development of domestic potato breeding is the organization of two or three federal breeding and genetic centers, providing them with the necessary budget funding to complete the stage of prebreeding or preselection, including screening and constant updating of the gene pool, the search for effective donors of economically useful traits, hybridization in various areas of breeding, the development of bioengineering technologies and marker-assisted selection.Regional scientific institutions and agro-enterprises positioned as basic seed breeding centers in the number of 7-8 in Russia are enough to create modern domestic developments that meet the requirements of the market and are competitive with the best foreign breeding achievements. The cooperation of federal and regional scientific and production structures for potato breeding and seed production is presented in such a way that the main link in the creation and promotion of new promising varieties becomes a regional seed breeding center interested in the successful sale of varieties on the market of seed and commodity potatoes and able to collect royalties for its use. At the same time, there is an opportunity for financial support of science in the face of breeding and genetic centers on contractual terms with breeding and seed centers. Key words: potatoes, breeding, varieties, competitiveness, public-private partnership.

Genetic Diversity of Peach Cultivars from the Collection of the Nikita Botanical Garden Based on SSR Markers

The Nikita Botanical Garden (NBG) has a unique Prunus L. collection (peach, apricot, plum, cherry) comprising more than 3000 accessions. NBG is also a breeding center for stone fruits, including peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). In the present study a set of 85 peach cultivars bred in NBG, Europe, and North America was analyzed using 12 SSR markers to assess their genetic diversity and relatedness. The detected polymorphism level was comparable to the previous estimates of genetic variability in peach cultivars. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.67, PIC value averaged 0.49, expected, and observed heterozygosity averaged 0.52 and 0.31, respectively. Among the detected alleles, 19 (27.94%) were rare and 12 (17.65%) were unique. All studied accessions except two could be identified with the used marker set. Cluster analysis revealed some groups according to the cultivars’ pedigrees. No clear differentiation of the studied sample according to geographic origin or fruit characteristics of peach cultivars was revealed. The results provide valuable information for identification and rational management of the material preserved in the NBG peach collection.

Reduced genetic variability in a captive-bred population of the endangered Hume’s pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae, Hume 1881) revealed by microsatellite genotyping and D-loop sequencing

Captive breeding programs are crucial to ensure the survival of endangered species and ultimately to reintroduce individuals into the wild. However, captive-bred populations can also deteriorate due to inbreeding depression and reduction of genetic variability. We genotyped a captive population of 82 individuals of the endangered Hume’s pheasant (Syrmaticus humiae, Hume 1881) at the Doi Tung Wildlife Breeding Center to assess the genetic consequences associated with captive breeding. Analysis of microsatellite loci and mitochondrial D-loop sequences reveal significantly reduced genetic differentiation and a shallow population structure. Despite the low genetic variability, no bottleneck was observed but 12 microsatellite loci were informative in reflecting probable inbreeding. These findings provide a valuable source of knowledge to maximize genetic variability and enhance the success of future conservation plans for captive and wild populations of Hume’s pheasant.

Features of forming plants hybrids of tomato indeterminant type in spring greenhouses in southern Russia

Совершенствование технологий выращивания томата в весенних теплицах сопровождается изменением сортимента культуры. Все большее распространение получают гибриды индетерминантного типа. Основной целью исследований было изучение различных способов формировки растений гибридов томата с индетерминантным типом роста в весенних теплицах. Исследования проводили в 2018-2020 годах в Селекционно-семеноводческом центре «Ростовский» компании «Поиск», расположенном в Ростовской области. Материалом исследований служили гибриды томата с индетерминантным типом роста собственной селекции F1Армада, F1 Пегас, F1 Огневский и F1 Розовый фрегат. Опыты проводили в необогреваемых весенних теплицах ангарного типа с поликарбонатным светопрозрачным покрытием в грунтовой культуре. Почвогрунт – чернозем обыкновенный. Содержание основных элементов питания – высокое, рН почвенного раствора 7,0-7,2. Схема посадки растений 70×30 см, по 10 растений каждого варианта в четырехкратной повторности. Рассаду выращивали в разводочной теплице с пикировкой в пластиковые контейнеры. Возраст рассады перед высадкой – 55 дней. Рассаду высаживали в последней декаде апреля. Использовали общепринятые приемы ухода за растениями. Для полива и подкормок применяли капельную систему с фертигацией. Урожай убирали в несколько приемов по мере созревания плодов. Исследования показали, что формировка растений влияет на высоту растений и их облиственность. С увеличением количества оставленных побегов высота растений снижается, а площадь листовой поверхности увеличивается. Увеличение количества оставленных побегов приводит к возрастанию общего количества кистей на растении, но количество плодов, сформировавшихся в кисти, снижается, как и средняя масса плода на растении. Наиболее высокая продуктивность растений и их урожайность с единицы площади достигается при формировке в два стебля. И это характерно для всех гибридов вне зависимости от индивидуальных особенностей роста и развития. Improving the technology of growing tomatoes in spring greenhouses is accompanied by a change in the variety of crop. Hybrids of the indeterminant type are becoming more common. The main purpose of the research was to study different ways of forming plants of tomato hybrids with an indeterminant type of growth in spring greenhouses. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 at the Breeding Center in the Rostov region. The material for the research was tomato hybrids with an indeterminant type of growth of its own breeding F1 Armada, F1Pegas, F1 Ognevskiy and F1 Rozovy Fregat. Experiments were conducted in unheated spring greenhouses of hangar type with polycarbonate translucent coating in the soil culture. Substrate is ordinary black earth. The contents of the main elements of food - high, pH soil solution 7.0-7.2. Plant planting scheme 70×30 cm, 10 plants of each variant in four-fold. A fertigation drip system was used for watering and feeding. Harvest was carried out in several receptions as the fruit matured. Studies have shown that the formation of plants affects the height of plants and their obliging. As the number of shoots left, the height of the plants decreases and the area of the leaf surface increases. The increase in the number of abandoned shoots leads to an increase in the total number of brushes on the plant, but the number of fruits formed in the brush, decreases, as well as the average mass of the fruit on the plant. The highest productivity of plants and their yield from a unit of area is achieved when formed in 2 stems. And this is typical for all hybrids, regardless of individual features of growth and development.

Whole blood fatty acid concentrations in the San Cristóbal Galápagos tortoise (Chelonoidis chathamensis)

To continue releasing San Cristóbal Galápagos tortoises housed in managed-care facilities at the Giant Tortoise Breeding Center of Galápagos National Park (Galapaguera de Cerro Colorado) to the Otoy Ecological Farm, health assessments and physical examinations were conducted. As a part of these wellness examinations, blood was drawn from 11 tortoises to analyze fatty acid concentrations. Fatty acid levels can provide insight into the nutritional profiles, immune status, and reproductive health of vertebrates. To the co-author’s knowledge, there is no current information about fatty acids in this species. It was hypothesized that there would be inherent differences based on the different geographic ranges, diets, sex, and age of turtles. It was noted that the ω-6/ω-3 ratio was higher for the breeding center than for the ecological farm and that overall polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) did not have any significant differences. The ω-6/ω-3 findings can contribute to a global picture of these fatty acids across taxa, as reptiles are underrepresented in this area of research. Additional results are a resourceful starting point for future investigations into how fatty acids are affected in Galápagos tortoises.

ANALYSIS OF THE GENEALOGICAL LINES OF THE HERD OF CATTLE OF THE ABERDEEN-ANGUS BREED IN THE SAE "MAIN BREEDING CENTER OF UKRAINE"

Introduction. In the structure of meat cattle breeding in Ukraine already a long time the leader in the number among of breeds of foreign origin there is a Aberdeen-Angus. This breed, due to its high manufacturability, is intensively used as a genetic material in the breed-forming process and increase the production capacities of the pedigree base of cattle breeding. At one time, the most intensive works on the development of the breed was conduct on the basis of the SAE "Main Breeding Center of Ukraine". Thanks the validity state support was organized the estimating of bulls for their own productivity and quality of descendants, was formed a bank of deep-frozen sperm and embryos, were created informative electronic card indexes of individual data of pedigree animals. This determines the expediency of analyzing the features of the formation of the genealogical structure of the population of the Aberdeen-Angus breed on the basis of the study of individual herds, which becoming the purpose of this work. The purpose of this work was to investigate the genealogical lines and families in the herd of Aberdeen-Angus breed in SAE "Main Breeding Center of Ukraine". Research materials and methods. The study of the genealogical structure was carried out on the basis of data primary zootechnical accounting in the format of SMDC "Orsek-M", expeditionary examination of the herd and the results of a comprehensive individual estimating of animals. Biometric processing of data was carrying out according to the method of N. A. Plokhinsky with using the software Microsoft Excel. Research results. As of 01.01.2021 year, in the herd of the enterprise total accrued of 155 heads, including 84 cows, which now fertilization of the method of natural mating bulls, purchased from the LLC “Ratnivsky Agrariy”, which obtained by method of artificial insemination of high-producing cows of the 2nd and older calves sperm of bull of Team Z Pecina 4031. Now the uterine stock of the studied herd belongs to the lines Southom Extr – 29 heads, Raito Iver 865 – 18 heads, Villabar 85 – 8 heads, Raito B 1567126 – 7 heads, Vetonk 2446 – 5 heads, Ilinmer Led 173 – 4 heads, Brialhill Sauzerner – 2 heads and the related group Team Z Pecina 4031 – 11 heads. The age of cows fluctuated from 3.1 to 19.2 years, and in the average be 9.8 years. The oldest cows belongs to the lines Raito B 1567126, Brialhill Sauzerner and Ilinmer Led 173, the youngest – to the related group Team Z Pecina 4031 and to the line Vetonk 2446. In the studied herd total detected 23 potential ancestors, which have living descendants of female sex. The most numerous are the families of K. Pride 11212597 – 9 descendants, E. Pride 11153487 – 8 descendants, K. Vessi 10887560 – 7 descendants. The families of Erika 3200797288, Kornela 3200797248, Sara 11756665 and Sandy 951931 presented 5 descendants of female sex of different generations. The minimum age of more than 10 years have the representatives of families of K. Erika 10240733, Beauty 10767437 and Elbe 3200797255, and the maximum age from 18 to 19.5 years – the representatives of families of K. Erika 10240733, Elin 10679739, E. Pride 11153487, Gemmer 10189403. The lowest and the highest average live weight had the newborn heifers the family of Kornela 3200797248 – 24.0 ± 1.7 kg, and the family of E. Pride 11153487 – 33.2 ± 1.5 kg, respectively. The average live weight of newborn heifers in other studied families was following: K. Pride 11212597 – 25.1 ± 0.4 kg; Erika 3200797288 – 28.6 ± 1.6 kg; K. Vessi 10887560 – 29.5 ± 1.5 kg; Sandy 951931 – 30.4 ± 1.6 kg. The average daily gain of live weight of heifers for the period from birth to 12 months of age fluctuated from 615 to 750 grams. The highest and the lowest average live weight at 12 months had the heifers the family of E. Pride 11153487 – 307.0 ± 19.7 kg and the family of K. Pride 11212597 – 249.2 ± 8.5 kg, respectively. Almost identical average live weight had the heifers the families of K. Wessie 10887560 and Kornela 3200797248 – 266.1 ± 11.14 kg and 266.6 ± 6.1 kg, respectively. The age of the first insemination fluctuated from 17.6 months in heifers the family of Erika 3200797288 to 21.4 months in heifers the family of K. Vessi 10887560. The highest average live weight at the age of the first insemination had the heifers the family of Sandy 951931 – 364.7 ± 20.6 kg, and the lowest – the heifers the family of Erika 3200797288 – 303.0 ± 8.8 kg, due to the younger age of their first insemination. Conclusions. Considerable narrowing of the genealogical structure of the modern herd of Aberdeen-Angus breed in SAE "Main Breeding Center of Ukraine" provoke the full absence representatives such classical lines as Ideal 3163, Power Play 8974207 and Showshoun 548. Due to the expansion of the related group Team Z Pecina 4031 will increase the genetic variability, reorganize age structure the uterine stock and direct zootechnical work with families to improve the parameters of individual growth and development of animals.

«Lighting price» of cucumber yield in the winter-spring turnover of greenhouses

Relevance. Among the main factors that determine the productivity of vegetable yields in protected ground, the main one is light. For the formation of 1 kg/m2 of cucumber fruits with a length of 18-22 cm, on average about 3500-4000 J/cm2 of solar radiation is required. In the winter-spring cycle, in the absence of artificial lighting in greenhouses, there is an unevenness of scattered solar radiation and a general shortage of incoming light energy. At the same time, the amount of total solar radiation required for the formation of a 1 kg of fruit ("lighting price") is not the same for different hybrids. To increase the profitability of production in the winter-spring turnover in greenhouses that are not equipped with artificial lighting, it is necessary to choose hybrids with the lowest "lighting price" of the crop, that is, hybrids that use less light energy to form a 1 kg of fruit.The purpose of the study: evaluation of F1 hybrids of cucumber on the basis of resistance to lack of lighting by comparing their "lighting price" of the crop: how much energy is spent on the formation of 1 kg of marketable products.Methods. The research was carried out at the variety testing site in the Crimean breeding Center of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Crop Selection "Gavrish", in the conditions of winter-spring turnover, in greenhouses not equipped with artificial lighting. We tested seven medium-fruited (18-22 cm) spined-fruited cucumber hybrids recommended for growing in winter-spring turnover.Results. The analysis of the data on the input of solar radiation and the formation of a standard yield showed that there is a direct relationship between the amount of incoming light and the level of productivity. The period of conversion of the received solar energy into the fruit harvest varied during the growing season from 14 to 8 days, depending on the degree of plant development. The "lighting price" of the crop was not the same for different hybrids: the hybrids tested in the experiment spent an average of 2900 J/cm2 per 1 kg of product, which is 18% more efficient than for standard greenhouse cucumbers.