scholarly journals The pathway of lead through the mother’s body to the child

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vanda Rísová
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Environmental Hazard ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Transplacental Transfer ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Placenta, the organ on which great attention is concentrated during pregnancy, represents an ineffective barrier to the transfer of hazardous heavy metals, mainly lead, into the foetus. The presence of lead in the placenta is an environmental hazard for a person’s future. Due to hormonal changes, lead is released during pregnancy into the bloodstream of the mother from deposits in the bones and in the teeth, where it has accumulated for years as a result of a contaminated environment. Since lead is a neurotoxic metal, exposure to lead during prenatal and postnatal development can cause serious neurocognitive damage and hence the development of an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a developing human. Our work provides an overall picture of the “toxic pathway“ of lead through the mother’s body, the risks arising from its transplacental transfer and its accumulation in the developing foetus as well as effective prevention to protect all newborns.

Pre-, Peri-, and Post-Natal Risk Factors in ADHD

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Pangajam Ponnuswamy ◽  
Ann Sarah Paul ◽  
Aneesha Brigitte Jose
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Core Symptoms

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder most commonly found in childhood with its core symptoms manifesting as inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. As ADHD generates a substantial rate of burden to the society in terms of economic and medical resources used, priority is given to explore the risk factors that contributes towards the multifactorial origin of this disorder to offer possible preventive and therapeutic interventions. With heritability accounting for 75% to 80% of the variability seen in ADHD, the remaining are explained through environmental risk factors that are exposed during critical period of pre-, peri-, and postnatal development. Though literature on the risk factors have been mostly controversial, certain associations have been made with regards to ADHD pathophysiology.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its association with heavy metals in children from northern Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 113483
Author(s):  
María Pía Muñoz ◽  
Paola Rubilar ◽  
Macarena Valdés ◽  
María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada ◽  
Andrea Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Northern Chile ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

573 Frequency of Burn Injuries in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder and Implications on Treatment Compliance

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S128-S128
Author(s):  
Farzin Sadeq ◽  
Alexa Riobueno-Naylor ◽  
Atilla Ceranoglu ◽  
Robert Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Introduction Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at a higher risk of burn injuries, compared to children with neurotypical development, but little is known about the epidemiology of burn injuries in children diagnosed with ASD and ADHD. Research within the pediatric burn population using the Burn Outcomes Questionnaire (BOQ) has been successful in capturing levels of risk on burn-recovery specific domains such as compliance to treatment, pain, and parental concerns. Methods The current study retrospectively assessed a subsample of BOQ data in children with burn injuries who also had a diagnosis of ASD or ADHD. This project was undertaken at our institution as an exempt project under 45 CFR 46.101 and, as such, it was not formally supervised by an Institutional Review Board. Results Of the 593 patients who completed a BOQ, 186 patients were identified with a diagnosis of ASD or ADHD. 127 patients had multiple parent-reported symptoms which align with diagnoses of ASD and ADHD, including 116 (63.4%) with attention or behavioral problems, 42 (23.3%) with a developmental delay, 7 (3.9%) with an intellectual disability and 90 (49.7%) had learning problems. 66 (37.3%) patients had pre-existing comorbid psychiatric diagnoses of depression. Conclusions Results indicated that a large portion of patients have a diagnosis of ASD/ADHD with significantly higher levels of parental concern regarding compliance compared to youth without an ASD/ADHD diagnosis. Results suggest that modified curriculum may be necessary to assure effective prevention education for children with ASD and ADHD. Applicability of Research to Practice While it is important to educate all children in burn prevention efforts, special attention may be necessary to assure training with children at greater risk for burn injury. Specific parent training would be imperative to understand the critical burn care needs of children with developmental disabilities.

scholarly journals Blood heavy metal levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an unsolved enigma

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Rachna Sehgal ◽  
Sheffali Gulati ◽  
Yogendra K. Gupta ◽  
Savita Sapra ◽  
Ravinder M. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
T Score ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Background: The role of heavy metals in the etio-pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a burning enigma. The available studies with discordant results are from different geographical localities with different monitoring, regulations and sociocultural backgrounds. The differential association of heavy metals with ADHD severity and phenotypes has not been adequately examined. Also, there are concerns about laboratory quality control. Therefore, the present case control study was formulated.Methods: Thirty children with ADHD diagnosed by DSM IV criteria and thirty group age matched controls were enrolled. Detailed perinatal, past, developmental and possible exposure history to various heavy metals was taken. Severity of ADHD was assessed using ConnersTM Parent reporting questionnaire. Blood level of metals was estimated by inductively coupled plasma- atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).Results: The mean blood lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, zinc were comparable in children with ADHD and group age matched controls. The mean blood lead, mercury and cadmium levels in study population was higher than found in studies from developed countries. Elevated arsenic, mercury and cadmium were found in both cases and controls. Blood zinc correlated significantly with inattention T score and blood mercury with hyperactivity-impulsitivity T score of Conners parent rating scale. Blood cadmium was present in greater proportion of predominant hyperactive-impulsive type patients.Conclusions: Zinc deficiency correlates with inattention; cadmium and mercury toxicity correlate with hyperactivity. Mean blood levels of heavy metals is elevated in a substantial proportion of study population. So, there is an urgent need for sensitization and environmental control.

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