BIOMEDICINE ON HORMONE MEDIATION OF SPORTS IN ADOLESCENT HEIGHT DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise is an important factor in regulating energy balance and body composition. Exercise itself is a kind of body stress. It involves the central nervous system, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, and other systems. Sports have various effects on the hormones in adolescent height development. Objective: This article analyzes the effects of different time and load exercise training on the levels of serum testosterone, free testosterone, and cortisol in young athletes. Methods: The athletes’ blood samples were collected at the quiet time in the morning before each experiment, immediately after exercise, and at three time intervals the next morning. Then blood testosterone (T), free testosterone (FT), and corticosteroids (C) were measured. Results: One-time and one-day high-volume training can cause a decrease in serum testosterone and free testosterone levels and an increase in cortisol hormones in young athletes. The testosterone level of young athletes rises immediately after exercise. Conclusion: Hormonal changes after physical exercise provide a scientific basis for athlete exercise load prediction and exercise plan formulation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Treatment with Soluble Activin Type IIB Receptor Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss and Fat Gain in Mice

Introduction In postmenopausal osteoporosis, hormonal changes lead to increased bone turnover and metabolic alterations including increased fat mass and insulin resistance. Activin type IIB receptors bind several growth factors of the TGF-β superfamily and have been demonstrated to increase muscle and bone mass. We hypothesized that ActRIIB-Fc treatment could improve bone and muscle mass, inhibit fat accumulation, and restore metabolic alterations in an ovariectomy (OVX) model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Materials and Methods Female C57Bl/6 N mice were subjected to SHAM or OVX procedures and received intraperitoneal injections of either PBS or ActRIIB-Fc (5 mg/kg) once weekly for 7 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT, respectively) were performed at 7 and 8 weeks, respectively. Bone samples were analyzed with micro-computed tomography imaging, histomorphometry, and quantitative RT-PCR. Results Bone mass decreased in OVX PBS mice compared to the SHAM PBS group but ActRIIB-Fc was able to prevent these changes as shown by µCT and histological analyses. This was due to decreased osteoclast numbers and function demonstrated by histomorphometric and qRT-PCR analyses. OVX induced adipocyte hypertrophy that was rescued by ActRIIB-Fc, which also decreased systemic adipose tissue accumulation. OVX itself did not affect glucose levels in GTT but ActRIIB-Fc treatment resulted in impaired glucose clearance in both SHAM and OVX groups. OVX induced mild insulin resistance in ITT but ActRIIB-Fc treatment did not affect this. Conclusion Our results reinforce the potency of ActRIIB-Fc as a bone-enhancing agent but also bring new insight into the metabolic effects of ActRIIB-Fc in normal and OVX mice.

Can Dance and Music Make the Transition to a Sustainable Society More Feasible?

Transition to sustainability is a process that requires change on all levels of society from the physical to the psychological. This review takes an interdisciplinary view of the landscapes of research that contribute to the development of pro-social behaviors that align with sustainability goals, or what we call ‘inner sustainability’. Engaging in musical and dance activities can make people feel trust and connectedness, promote prosocial behavior within a group, and also reduce prejudices between groups. Sustained engagement in these art forms brings change in a matter of seconds (such as hormonal changes and associated stress relief), months (such as improved emotional wellbeing and learning outcomes), and decades (such as structural changes to the brains of musicians and dancers and superior skills in expressing and understanding emotion). In this review, we bridge the often-separate domains of the arts and sciences by presenting evidence that suggests music and dance promote self-awareness, learning, care for others and wellbeing at individual and group levels. In doing so, we argue that artistic practices have a key role to play in leading the transformations necessary for a sustainable society. We require a movement of action that provides dance and music within a constructive framework for stimulating social sustainability.

Non-hormonal options for the relief of menopausal disorders

Woman’s nature is unique. Taking into account some historical milestones, it can be noted that the role of women in society has undergone large-scale changes. The woman took a confident position in society. Its main function remains unchanged and it consists in procreation and procreation. A woman’s activity is consistent with the work of her reproductive system (RS). The gradual decrease, and then the cessation of the work of the ovaries, contributes to the life order and health of the fair sex. Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life, which corresponds to the peak of social self-realization. However, in some cases, hormonal changes characteristic of this period can serve as a favorable background for the formation of a number of pathological changes. The growing estrogen deficiency is becoming a pathogenetic impetus for the development of a wide range of climacteric disorders. Vasomotor symptoms and hyperhidrosis are the most frequent companions of women during the perimenopausal transition and early postmenopause. Maintaining optimal activity and the full quality of life of patients should be the goal of correcting the negative manifestations of estrogen deficiency and the complications associated with it. Compensating for estrogen deficiency with menopausal hormone therapy (HRT) is the benchmark for menopausal problems. However, there are a number of patients who have contraindications to prescribing HRT or who refuse to receive it for some reason. For this category of patients, alternative methods of diet correction. Combinations of plant extracts with vitamins and minerals have been successfully used in clinical practice for a long time. The article will provide information on the most studied phytoestrogens contained in soy.

Morphological, Gene, and Hormonal Changes in Gonads and In-Creased Micrococcal Nuclease Accessibility of Sperm Chromatin Induced by Mercury

Mercury is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. In this work, we analysed the effects of exposure of Mytilus galloprovincialis to 1, 10 and 100 pM HgCl2 for 24 h on the gonadal morphology and on the expression level of three stress genes: mt10, hsp70 and πgst. In this tissue we also evaluated the level of steroidogenic enzymes 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD and the expression of PL protein genes. Finally, we determined difference in sperm chromatin accessibility to micrococcal nuclease. We found alterations in gonadal morphology especially after exposure to 10 and 100 pM HgCl2 and hypo-expression of the three stress genes, particularly for hsp70. Furthermore, decreased labelling with both 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD antibodies was observed following exposure to 1 and 10 pM HgCl2 and complete absence at 100 pM HgCl2 exposure. Gonads of mussels exposed to all HgCl2 doses showed decreased expression of PL protein genes especially for PLIII. Finally, micrococcal nuclease digestions showed that all doses of HgCl2 exposure resulted in increased sperm chromatin accessibility to this enzyme, indicative of improper sperm chromatin structure. All of these changes provide preliminary data of the potential toxicity of mercury on the reproductive health of this mussel.

Evaluation of toxicological metal profiling in different varieties of candies from the local market of Lucknow City, India

Virtually almost everyone enjoys chocolates and candies every now and then. Usually, chocolate and candies are the most craved food among children and pregnant women. This craving kicks high during the phase of stress, anxiousness, hormonal changes or mood swings. As children and pregnant women are the most sensitive groups of human population, the presence of any kind of toxicants in their food products can raise serious health concerns. In view of this, an approach has been made to estimate the quantity of nine metals in three different variety of commonly available candies (67 samples) i.e., cocoa-chocolate based, milk based, and fruit flavored candies. Few metals were found at relatively high level in cocoa-chocolate based candies followed by milk based and fruit flavored candies. The findings of this study enlightens the international food safety and public health protection authorities to implement strict permissible limits for the presence of metals in candies. The statistical approach of m­­­ultiple discriminant analysis was also performed in this study to reverse identify the candy groups based on their inter-comparative profiling of multi-elemental contamination among similar type of candy samples which points towards stipulating stringent quality policies and establishing strict standards for manufacturing, processing, storage and transportation of candies and their raw materials.

Infantile acne is a medical problem that calls for therapy

Background: Acne vulgaris of infants is a well-recognized medical and cosmetic problem as it may cause severe scarring of the face. Hence medical treatment is essentially needed. Objective: To record all patients with infantile acne vulgaris and to do full demographic and clinical evaluation. Patients and methods:This is case series clinical descriptive study with interventional therapeutic trial that included all patients with infantile acne vulgaris that were seen during the period from Jan 2021 – September 2021 years. All demographic and clinical features were recorded. The clinical scoring of acne severity was done as follow:mild when the rash was mainly comedones,moderate mainly papules and pustules and severe mainly nodules and scarring. Any triggering factors were recorded including hormonal changes. Therapy was started by giving topical 2% clindamycin twice a day and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole suspension one teaspoonful twice a day for 1-2 months. Results: This study included 28 patients with infantile acne, with 19(67.86%) males and 9(32.14%) females with male to female ratio;2.1. The age of patients ranged from 1-24 months, with a mean 14.6 ±6.1.The duration of rash was ranged from 4-8 weeks. The commonest sites affected were cheeks in 27(96.4%) cases, followed by forehead in 8 (28.6%), then chin in 6 (23.1%), and nose 6 (23.1%) of the cases. Scoring of severity of acne showed moderate in 13(46.4%), followed by mild in 9 (32.1%), and sever in 6 (21.4%). The response to treatment was complete clearance in 15(53.6%) and partial response in 13(46.4%) of the patients while no adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: Infantile acne is not uncommon disease among infants where medical therapy is essentially needed especially in severe cases as to prevent facial scarring. Early diagnosis and treatment with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole suspension and topical 2% clindamycin lotion is an effective mode of therapy.

Effect of pregnancy and lactation on a benign phyllodes tumour

Phyllodes tumours occurring in pregnancy are very rare. While most cases presented as rapidly enlarging masses, we present a benign phyllodes tumour which had the most growth in the first half of pregnancy followed by gradual growth in the latter half of pregnancy and lactation, as characterised on ultrasound imaging. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, which has objective measurements of the lesion before, during and after pregnancy. It also highlighted the need for a vigilant approach to fibroepithelial lesions in pregnancy, instead of attributing the growth of these lesions solely to hormonal changes.

Hubungan antara Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Wanita Usia Subur di Indonesia (Analisis Data Indonesian Family Life Survey 5)

Background: The incidence of hypertension in women is 36.9%, allegedly related to hormonal changes triggered by the use of hormonal contraceptives. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the use of hormonal contraception on the incidence of hypertension in women of childbearing age. Methods: This cross-sectional study used IFLS 2014 data and involved 7,097 participants who were selected using multistage random sampling technique. The research variables included age, education, work status, physical activity, stress, use and length of time being a hormonal family planning acceptor, work status, blood pressure and obesity. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and analytically using logistic regression. Results: The incidence of hypertension reached 27.2%, and the multivariate analysis showed the significant correlation with age and duration of hormonal contraceptive use (p=0.000; PR=2.809; 95%-CI=2.516-3.136 and p=0.000; PR=1.002; 95% -CI=1.001-1.003). Conclusion: The incidence of hypertension in hormonal contraceptive users is related to age and period of use. Hormonal family planning acceptors need to regularly control blood pressure with age to monitor the incidence of hypertension.