scholarly journals State of the art in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natally Horvat ◽  
Serena Monti ◽  
Brunna Clemente Oliveira ◽  
Camila Carlos Tavares Rocha ◽  
Romina Grazia Giancipoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Regenerative Nodules

Abstract Background Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. Chronic liver disease caused by viral infection, alcohol abuse, or other factors can lead to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the most important clinical risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whereby the normal hepatic architecture is replaced by fibrous septa and a spectrum of nodules ranging from benign regenerative nodules to HCC, each one of them with different imaging features. Conclusions Furthermore, advanced techniques including the quantification of hepatic and intralesional fat and iron, magnetic resonance elastography, radiomics, radiogenomics, and positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI are highly promising for the extraction of new imaging biomarkers that reflect the tumor microenvironment and, in the future, may add decision-making value in the management of patients with HCC.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging of the cirrhotic liver: diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and evaluation of response to treatment – Part 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ramalho ◽  
António P. Matos ◽  
Mamdoh AlObaidy ◽  
Fernanda Velloni ◽  
Ersan Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Liver Imaging ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract In the second part of this review, we will describe the ancillary imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that can be seen on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, and on novel and emerging protocols such as diffusion weighted imaging and utilization of hepatocyte-specific/hepatobiliary contrast agent. We will also describe the morphologic sub-types of HCC, and give a simplified non-invasive diagnostic algorithm for HCC, followed by a brief description of the liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS), and MRI assessment of tumor response following locoregional therapy.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging of the cirrhotic liver: diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and evaluation of response to treatment - Part 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ramalho ◽  
António P. Matos ◽  
Mamdoh AlObaidy ◽  
Fernanda Velloni ◽  
Ersan Altun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cirrhotic Liver ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Regenerative Nodules ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modern gold standard for the noninvasive evaluation of the cirrhotic liver. The combination of arterial phase hyperenhancement and delayed wash-out allows a definitive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic liver disease, without the requirement for confirmatory biopsy. That pattern is highly specific and has been endorsed in Western and Asian diagnostic guidelines. However, the sensitivity of the combination is relatively low for small HCCs. In this two-part review paper, we will address MRI of the cirrhotic liver. In this first part, we provide a brief background on liver cirrhosis and HCC, followed by descriptions of imaging surveillance of liver cirrhosis and the diagnostic performance of the different imaging modalities used in clinical settings. We then describe some of the requirements for the basic MRI technique, as well as the standard MRI protocol, and provide a detailed description of the appearance of various types of hepatocellular nodules encountered in the setting of the carcinogenic pathway in the cirrhotic liver, ranging from regenerative nodules to HCC.

Nodule-in-Nodule Imaging Pattern in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated by Transarterial Chemoembolization – a Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea E. Scheau ◽  
Cristian Scheau ◽  
Ioana G. Lupescu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Transarterial Chemoembolization ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hepatobiliary Phase ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nodule Morphology

Background & Aims: Emerging minimally invasive treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can significantly improve a patient’s prognosis, but they may alter the imaging features of the treated nodules. This study focuses on a series of patients presenting with a rare pathology, the nodule-in-nodule imaging pattern of HCC, analyzes the imaging features and discusses possible approaches for the diagnosis of tumoral recurrence.Method: Nine patients recruited over two years, having HCC with nodule-in-nodule imaging pattern on diagnosis, and treated by transarterial chemoembolization were monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nodule morphology, dynamic contrast behavior and size progression were followed in this study.Results: All patients showed tumor recurrence. In 7 nodules, a T2 weighted-imaging hyperintense signal of the HCC foci was found, with isointensity of the background nodule. Restricted diffusion within the HCC foci was found in 6 cases but with no statistical significance. Dynamic contrast images evaluation showed a “classical” enhancement pattern in five patients. All nodules had hypointense HCC foci in the hepatobiliary phase. Four patients demonstrated progressive disease according to the mRECIST criteria.Conclusions: Due to the particularly challenging nodule characteristics, the sensitivity in diagnosing HCC foci in these nodules is about 77% when using conventional imaging criteria related to nodule morphology. Contrast media uptake curves may be altered by changes in nodule hemodynamics caused by embolization. The diagnostic rate may be significantly increased by considering the tumoral size increase in follow-up studies and completing the study with a hepatobiliary phase using Acidum Gadoxeticum.Abbreviations. ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; CT: Computed tomography; DEB-TACE: drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization; DWI: Diffusion-weighted imaging; Gd-EOB-DTPA: acidum gadoxeticum; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV: hepatitis virus B; HCV: hepatitis virus C; HDV: hepatitis virus D; IN-OPP: in-phase and out-of-phase; mRECIST: modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; ROI: region of interest; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; WI: weighted imaging.

scholarly journals Neuroanatomic markers of post-traumatic epilepsy based on magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Akrami ◽  
Richard M Leahy ◽  
Andrei Irimia ◽  
Paul E Kim ◽  
Christianne Heck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Post Traumatic Epilepsy ◽  
Traumatic Epilepsy

Although post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a common complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the relationship between these conditions is unclear, early PTE detection and prevention being major unmet clinical challenges. This study aims to identify imaging biomarkers that distinguish PTE and non-PTE subjects among TBI survivors based on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset. We performed tensor-based morphometry to analyze brain shape changes associated with TBI and to derive imaging features for statistical group comparison. Additionally, machine learning was used to identify structural anomalies associated with brain lesions. Automatically generated brain lesion maps were used to identify brain regions where lesion load may indicate an increased incidence of PTE. Statistical analysis suggests that lesions in the temporal lobes, cerebellum, and the right occipital lobe are associated with an increased PTE incidence.

scholarly journals Reply to comments on “State of the art in magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma”: the role of DWI

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-372
Author(s):  
Natally Horvat ◽  
Serena Monti ◽  
Brunna Clemente Oliveira ◽  
Camila Carlos Tavares Rocha ◽  
Romina Grazia Giancipoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Resonance Imaging
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