scholarly journals Barrett’s Esophagus in Romania: what do we know?

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Claudia Piloiu ◽  
Dan L. Dumitrascu

AbstractBackground and aims. The incidence of Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) is increasing worldwide, thus diagnosis is becoming a major key of interest in preventing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Because the status of BE in Romania is unclear, we performed a narrative review to comprehensively evaluate all published articles on BE from Romania.Methods. We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed data base and of all Romanian medical journals. The abstracts and the titles of the identified studies were reviewed to exclude the studies that did not answer the search question. In addition we performed a manual search to identify articles on this topic published earlier in local journals or not indexed on internet.Results. A total of 17 articles were found. 8 studies and 9 reviews were identified, with a total of 8,829 participants enrolled. The results showed that the median age ranges between 54–59 years, with a predominance for male sex, the main risk factors, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, smoking, hiatal hernia, are also present in Romania and infection with H. pylori has a protective effect. The diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus in Romania is established in agreement with international guidelines.Conclusions. There are not many publications on BE in Romania. However the data in this country are similar to those reported in other countries. The management is carried out according to standard guidelines. Diagnosing BE relies on endoscopic techniques and classification systems. Risk factors such as gastroesophageal reflux, hiatal hernia, obesity and Helicobacter pylori are considered in Romanian articles. More studies are welcome on this matter in our country.

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (51) ◽  
pp. 2040-2046

Összefoglaló. Az 1970-es évek előtt a nyelőcsőrákok csupán 1–3%-a volt adenocarcinoma. A 70-es évek közepétől a nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma mutatta a legnagyobb növekedést az összes malignus daganat közül, és a 90-es évek közepétől már meghaladta a laphámrákok előfordulási gyakoriságát a nyugati világban. Ma a nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma relatív incidenciája Magyarországon 34,7%, míg a nyugati világban már 60% körül van. A nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma etiológiájában meghatároztak néhány kockázati tényezőt, így a gastrooesophagealis refluxot, a Barrett-nyelőcsövet, a kóros kövérséget, a dohányzást és a csökkenő Helicobacter pylori fertőzöttséget. Ezek a tényezők azonban jelen voltak már a 70-es évek előtt is. A kövérség előfordulásának gyakorisága és a következményes gastrooesophagealis reflux megduplázódott az elmúlt 40 évben, de ez egyedül nem magyarázza az adenocarcinomák szaporodásának ütemét. Egy új, hatékony savcsökkentő gyógyszercsoportnak, a H2-receptor-blokkolóknak a bevezetésére 1976-ban került sor, és ez egybeesik a szokatlanul nagy incidencianövekedéssel. Tom DeMeester teóriája szerint a savcsökkentő kezelés által létrehozott pH-változás okozhatja a refluxátum carcinogenitasának fokozódását. A Barrett-oesophagus és a nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma etiológiájában, megelőzésében és kezelésében számos ellentmondás és vitás kérdés tapasztalható, különösen a protonpumpagátló gyógyszerek (PPI-k) hosszú távú használata körül. A PPI-k hatásossága a gyógyszer túlzott alkalmazásához vezetett nem mindig megfelelő indikációban, kitéve a betegeket potenciális kockázatoknak. Összefoglalva, a nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma drámai növekedésében biztosan szerepet játszik az elhízás és a refluxbetegség ezzel párhuzamos terjedése. Fontos továbbá a H. pylori fertőzöttség csökkenése, és új szempont a hatásos savcsökkentő szerek széles körű alkalmazása, melyek a refluxátumban okozott pH-változással erősíthetik a carcinogenesist. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2040–2046. Summary. Before the 1970s, only 1–3% of esophageal cancers were adenocarcinoma. Since the mid-70s, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has shown the greatest increase compared to all other cancer types and overtook squamous carcinoma incidence in the mid-90s in the Western countries. Today, the relative incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Hungary is 34.7% and around 60% in the Western countries. Some risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma have been identified such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, obesity, smoking and decreased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, but these risk factors were already present before the 70s. The prevalence of obesity and the consequentially developed gastroesophageal reflux has doubled during the last 40 years, but it does not explain alone the dramatic rise in the esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence. The H2 blockers, as new effective antisecretory medication, were introduced in 1976, coinciding in time with the substantial rise of esophageal adenocarcinoma. According to the DeMeester theory, the change in the pH of gastric refluxate caused by acid suppression enhances its carcinogenic potential. There are a lot of controversies among the prevention, etiology and treatment of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, especially regarding the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), an even more effective group of acid suppressors. The effectiveness of PPIs has led to an overuse exceeding its regular indications with little benefit, exposing patients to a number of potential risks. In conclusion, in the dramatic rise of the esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence, obesity accompanied by reflux disease and the decreased incidence of H. pylori infection certainly play important roles. The introduction of modern antisecretory drugs in the treatment of acid-related diseases promoting carcinogenesis, arises as a new consideration. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2040–2046.


Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laimas Jonaitis ◽  
Darius Kriukas ◽  
Gediminas Kiudelis ◽  
Limas Kupčinskas

Objective. To establish the prevalence and risk factors of erosive esophagitis (EE) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) among patients routinely referred for upper endoscopy. Material and Methods. A total of 4032 consecutive patients referred to a regional hospital for upper endoscopy due to upper gastrointestinal and/or “alarm” symptoms were examined. Analysis was performed on the prospectively selected patients (40 in each group) with EE of different grades and BE. Results. EE was diagnosed in 474 patients (11.75%): grade A, in 194 (41%); grade B, in 167 (35%); grade C, in 65 (14%); and grade D, in 48 patients (10%). Increasing severity of erosive esophagitis and presence of its complication – Barrett’s esophagus – were associated with the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori and increasing hiatal hernia size (P<0.05). Male gender (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.12 to 10.62), hiatal hernia >2 cm (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.60 to 8.68), and absence of H. pylori (OR, 4.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 16.84) were the factors found to be associated with severe EE. The factors associated with BE were as follows: ulcer and/or stricture of esophagus (OR, 11.94; 95% CI, 2.51 to 41.37), age >60 years (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.20), smoking >10 cigarettes per day (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 1.01 to 12.50), hiatal hernia >2 cm (OR, 5.22; 95% CI, 1.86 to 14.64), and absence of H. pylori (OR, 5.60; 95% CI, 1.38 to 22.72). Conclusions. The prevalence of EE was found to be low, and the prevalence of BE was found to be very low among routinely endoscoped patients in primary and secondary care settings in a Lithuanian rural area with high H. pylori prevalence. Increasing severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease was associated with the decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Sharifi ◽  
Shahab Dowlatshahi ◽  
Hedieh Moradi Tabriz ◽  
Fatemeh Salamat ◽  
Omid Sanaei

Background.Erosive esophagitis (EE) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are the two important complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and the risk factors for EE and BE in an Iranian group of patients with reflux symptoms. We also examined the relationship between reflux symptoms and endoscopic findings.Methods.A total of 736 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms were enrolled and all underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus was confirmed by pathologic examination and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was demonstrated by rapid urease test.Results.Two hundred eighty-three and 34 patients were found to have EE and BE, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that hiatal hernia (P<0.001) and H. pylori infection (P<0.002) were the two significantly related risk factors for esophagitis. Only age was related to BE, with BE patients being more likely to be older (P<0.001) than others.Conclusions.Prevalence of EE and BE in Iranian reflux patients is similar to that seen in western countries. H. pylori infection and the presence of hiatal hernia may be strong risk factors for esophagitis as does older age for Barrett’s esophagus. Finally, reflux symptoms have no significant relationship with endoscopic findings.


2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 36-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurelio SANTO ◽  
Sylvia Regina QUINTANILHA ◽  
Cesar Augusto MIETTI ◽  
Flavio Masato KAWAMOTO ◽  
Allan Garms MARSON ◽  
...  

Background : Obesity is correlated with several comorbidities, including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Its main complications are detectable by endoscopy: erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Aim : To correlate erosive esophagitis and hiatal hernia with the degree of body mass index (BMI). Method : Was performed a retrospective analysis of 717 preoperative endoscopic reports of bariatric patients. Fifty-six (8%) presented hiatal hernia, being 44 small, nine medium and five large. Esophagitis was classified by Los Angeles classification. Results : There was no correlation between the presence and dimension of hiatal hernia with BMI. One hundred thirty-four (18.7%) patients presented erosive esophagitis. Among them, 104 (14.5%) had esophagitis grade A; 25 (3.5%) grade B; and five (0.7%) grade C. When considering only the patients with erosive esophagitis, 77.6% had esophagitis grade A, 18.7% grade B and 3.7% grade C. Were identified only two patients with Barrett's esophagus (0,28%). Conclusion : There was a positive correlation between the degree of esophagitis with increasing BMI.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
K V Puchkov ◽  
E V Khabarova ◽  
E S Tishchenko

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results of treatment of patients with Barrett’s esophagus, including radiofrequency ablation of columnar epithelium with antireflux surgery. METHODS: We treated82 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease withBarrett’s esophagus between 2011 and 2018. 4 patients had low-grade dysplasia, 63 patients had hiatal hernia. We performed laparoscopic Toupet 2700 fundoplication in 58 of these patients.This allowedto perform radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure 2-3 months later in 27 of these patients. In 12 patients without radiological signs of hiatal hernia we performed RFA as the first treatment step. Follow-up endoscopy was performed 3,6 and 12 months after RFA. RESULTS: Metaplasia eradication wasachieved in 97,5% after 1 procedure and in 100% after 2 procedures. 6 months after treatment recurrence of metaplasia was registered in 2,4% patients. CONCLUSIONS: Changing security profile of new endoscopic treatment methods indicates the need for new strategies for Barrett’s esophagus. The most effective scheme is two-step treatment including antireflux surgery and radiofrequency ablation in combination with drug therapy.


2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Judite Dietz ◽  
Sílvia Chaves-e-Silva ◽  
Luíse Meurer ◽  
Setsuo Sekine ◽  
Andréa Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND: Short segment Barrett's esophagus is defined by the presence of <3 cm of columnar-appearing mucosa in the distal esophagus with intestinal metaplasia on histophatological examination. Barrett's esophagus is a risk factor to develop adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. While Barrett's esophagus develops as a result of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, intestinal metaplasia in the gastric cardia is a consequence of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and is associated with distal gastric intestinal metaplasia. It can be difficult to determine whether short-segment columnar epithelium with intestinal metaplasia are lining the esophagus (a condition called short segment Barrett's esophagus) or the proximal stomach (a condition called intestinal metaplasia of the gastric cardia). AIMS: To study the association of short segment Barrett's esophagus (length <3 cm) with gastric intestinal metaplasia (antrum or body) and infection by H. pylori. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight-nine patients with short segment columnar-appearing mucosa in the esophagus, length <3 cm, were studied. Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease were recorded. Biopsies were obtained immediately below the squamous-columnar lining, from gastric antrum and gastric corpus for investigation of intestinal metaplasia and H. pylori. RESULTS: Forty-two from 89 (47.2%) patients were diagnosed with esophageal intestinal metaplasia by histopathology. The mean-age was significantly higher in the group with esophageal intestinal metaplasia. The two groups were similar in terms of gender (male: female), gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and H. pylori infection. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (antrum or body) was diagnosed in 21 from 42 (50.0%) patients in the group with esophageal intestinal metaplasia and 7 from 47 (14.9%) patients in the group with esophageal columnar appearing mucosa but without intestinal metaplasia. CONCLUSION: Intestinal metaplasia is a frequent finding in patients with <3 cm of columnar-appearing mucosa in the distal esophagus. In the present study, short segment intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus is associated with distal gastric intestinal metaplasia. Gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms and H. pylori infection did not differ among the two groups studied.


2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3225-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Miholic ◽  
Joumanah Hafez ◽  
Johannes Lenglinger ◽  
Fritz Wrba ◽  
Christiane Wischin ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Perry ◽  
Vivian L. Wang

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common, affecting approximately 18 to 27% of adult Americans, and can have a considerable impact on quality of life. Hiatal hernias are present in 80% of patients with symptomatic GERD. This review covers the basic pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment algorithms for patients with GERD and hiatal hernia. Figures show normal gastroesophageal junction anatomy, treatment algorithm for patients with symptomatic GERD, schematic and endoscopic images of long segment Barrett's esophagus, a normal barium esophagogram, esophageal intraluminal pressures assessed by esophageal manometry, test results from a 48-hour wireless pH study, laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, laparoscopic gastroesophageal junction reinforcement, classification of paraesophageal hernia, and endoscopic view of Cameron ulcers at the level of the diaphragm in the setting of a type III paraesophageal hernia. Tables list risk factors for GERD and a standardized approach to Nissen fundoplication. This review contains 10 figures, 3 tables, and 68 references. Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux disease, GERD, hiatal hernia, paraesophageal hernia, anti-reflux surgery, Nissen fundoplication, Barrett's esophagus, manometry, pH study


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